RNO Access - [PDF Document] (2024)

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Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.

Product Version ConfidentialityV100R001 For internal use

onlyProduct Name: WCDMA RNP Total pages: 83

WCDMA RNO Access Procedure

Analysis GuidanceFor internal use only

Prepared by URNP-SANA Date 2003-05-24Reviewed by DateReviewed byDateApproved by Date

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All rights reserved

HUAWEIHUAWEI

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Revision Record

Date Revision

Version

Description Author

2003-05-24 1.00 Initial issued Chen Qi

2003-06-03 1.00 Revision based on the review comments ChenQi

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4.7.2 Parameters to be Analyzed and Adjusted in the AccessProcedure ........................................ 485 Analysis ofProblems in Access Procedure..............................................................................................485.1 UE Failing in Cell Search....................................................................................................................485.2 UE Failing in Cell Access or Receiving RRC ConnectionRejection ................................................. 485.3RNC Failing in Receiving the RRC_CONNECTION_REQ Message Transmittedby UE ................ 48

5.4 UE Failing in Receiving the RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP MessageTransmitted by RNC ............ 495.5 UE Failing in Receiving ACKMessage Indicating RRC Connection Completion............................ 49

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List of Tables

Table 1 S criteria parameter description....................................................................................................9

Table 2 Cell reselection parameter description.........................................................................................15Table 3 Description of the parameters of cell reselection insystem information broadcasts .......................... 15Table 4Relation between access subchannel and access slot and SFN..................................................... 21Table 5System information block...........................................................................................................23Table 6 Parameters to be analyzed and adjusted in the accessprocedure .................................................. 49

List of Pictures

Figure 1 Number of RACH access slots and interval between them.............................................................17Figure 2 Structure of random access transmission.....................................................................................18Figure 3 PRACH-AICH timing relation from the view of UE.........................................................................19Figure 4 Definition of access slot set (with the example ofuplink/downlink access slot fixed differencep-a

7680chips) 22Figure 5 System information structure......................................................................................................23Figure 6 RRC signalling connection setup process....................................................................................33Figure 7 RRC CONNECT REQUEST.......................................................................................................35Figure 8 RRC CONNECT SETUP (DCCH is mapped on common channel)................................................. 36Figure 9MappingInfo of SRB1 and SRB2 of the DCCH mapped to the commonchannel .............................. 38Figure 10 RRC CONNECTSETUP COMPLETE (DCCH is mapped on the common channel.......................... 39Figure 11 RRC CONNECT SETUP (DCCH ismapped to the dedicated channel............................................ 40Figure 12 MapingInfoof SRB1 and SRB2 of the DCCH mapped to the DCH.................................................. 42Figure 13 RRCCONNECT SETUP COMPLETE (DCCH is mapped to the DCH)............................................ 42

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WCDMA RNO Access Procedure Analysis Guidance

Key words: Access procedure, cell search, cell selection andreselection, random accessAbstract: This document analyzes indetail the whole access procedure from the view of access

stratum (AS), discusses access performance indices and influencefactors, and

presents the analysis process of access procedure in the actualnetwork planning and

the solutions to the possible problems in the access.

Acronym list: Omitted.

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1 Access Procedure

UE can run in one of these two basic modes: idle mode andconnected mode. After the UE is

powered on, it keeps in idle mode and is differentiated throughnon AS identities, such as IMSI,

TMSI or P-TMSI. The UTRAN does not store the information of theUE in idle mode, but it can

page all UEs which are powered on and camp on the cell one byone, or page all the UEs in idle

mode in an RNC at the same time. Only after the UE finishes theRRC connection setup will it

enter to connected mode (CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH state) from idlemode. When the RRC

connection is released, it will enter idle mode from connectedmode.

Viewing from the AS, access procedure is the procedure of atransition from idle mode to

connected mode of the UE. It includes four basic procedures:cell search, cell system information

broadcast receiving, cell selection and reselection, and randomaccess. Once the UE enters

connected mode, it can carry out such non AS activities as PLMNselection and reselection,

location registration, service application and authentication.This document summarizes all the

steps in the UE access procedure, analyzes the signalling andperformance of the whole access

procedure, and discusses the analysis methods for the accessprocedure and the solutions to the

problems in the drive test based on the analysis.

1.1 Cell Search

UE will search cell according to one of the followingprocedure:

UE is independent of the information of the RF channel of UTRAcarrier frequency. In this

case, UE will scan all frequencies in all UTRA bands to locate asuitable cell to camp on in the

selected PLMN. In each carrier frequency, UE only needs tosearch the best serving cell.

UE has the stored UTRA carrier frequency information and cellparameter information which

obtained from measurement control information received before,such as primary scrambling

code of cell. In this case, UE will attempt to camp on this celldirectly. If it fails, it can only scan all

frequencies in all UTRA bands to locate a suitable cell in theselected PLMN.

The procedure of carrying out cell search is as follows (Ofcourse, a frequency locked first):

1.1.1 Step 1: Slot Synchronization

All primary SCH synchronization codes in the UTRAN are identicaland are transmitted in the

former 256 chips of each slot. The synchronization codes of eachslot are the same. The UE can

achieve slot synchronization easily by using a matched filter orthe similar technology.

1.1.2 Step 2: Frame Synchronization and Scrambling Code GroupIdentification

Frame synchronization is realized by means of secondary SCHsynchronization. There are

16 secondary SCH synchronization codes in all, which aredifferent in each slot. They form 64

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groups of code sequences according to different code words ineach slot. The 64 groups of code

sequences feature that the result after any cyclic shift isunique. The UE can perform SSC

correlation calculation, FWHT and RS decoding to determine thecell scrambling group and

achieve frame synchronization.

1.1.3 Step 3: Cell Primary Scrambling Code Identification

In the above step the UE got the scrambling code group whichcontains 8 primary scrambling

codes of the local cell. Then the UE performs correlationcalculation based on symbol until it finds

the one with the biggest correlation value, so as to determinethe primary scrambling code. After

getting this code word, the UE can read the information of thebroadcast channel since both

CPICH and PCCPCH use this scrambling code and theirchannelization codes are fixed.

1.2 Cell Selection and Cell Reselection

Once the UE is powered on, it will determine whether the currentPLMN is suitable or not

according to the system information after it finds a cell. Ifthe PLMN is suitable, it performs cell

measurement and determines whether the current cell is suitableto camp on according to the S

criteria, this is the cell selection procedure. If the currentcell cannot meet the S criteria, it will start

the procedure of PLMN selection and cell reselection (It carriesout cell reselection in the current

PLMN first. In case of no suitable cell, it carries out PLMNsearch and goes to another PLMN for

cell reselection and cell selection), and then performs theadjacent cell measurement. Thereafter,

it sequences the cells under measurement according to the Rcriteria or H criteria, and it then cancamp on the one meeting theS criteria. Of course, cell selection and reselection are notalways

carried out during power-on. This procedure will be triggered byother reasons.

1.2.1 Cell Selection

This section introduces the triggering occasions and cellselection procedure, as well as the

criteria for determining Suitable Cell.

1.2.1.1 Triggering occasions:

The UE initiates cell selection in the following cases:

UE power-on

Returning to idle mode from connected mode

cell information lost in connected mode

Failure in finding cell to camp on normally in the cellreselection based on the cell list

provided in the measurement control system information(TS25.133)

1.2.1.2 PLMN selection

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If the UE has obtained the PCCPCH scrambling code from step 3 inSection 1.1, and the

PCCPCH channelization code (SF (ch,256,1)) is known, which isunique in the whole UTRAN, the

UE can read the information of the broadcast channel.

The MIB scheduling information is known, that is, SIB_POS=0 andSIB_REP =8. The UE canread MIB in the radio frame of the SFN in thevalue range of (0,8,16, ....). How does UE acquire

SFN? If the SYSTEM INFORMATION message is transmitted on BCH(PCCPCH), the first field of

this message is SFNprime whose value is the initial SFNcorresponding to this transport block.

The value range is (0, 2, 4, 6, ..., 4094), but it is (0..2047)after the PER encoding. In this case,

one bit can be saved. Why are the SFN values 0, 2, 4, ...?Because the BCH TTI is 20ms,

including two radio frames. Therefore the step length of theSFNprime field can be 2 only.

After reading MIB, the UE can determine whether the current PLMNis the one wanted,

because the MIB contains the PLMN identity field. If this is thecase, the UE will find other SIBsand acquire their contentsaccording to the schedulding information of other SIBs in theMIB.

Otherwise, the UE must find another frequency and start thisprocedure from the beginning,

namely, cell search.

1.2.1.3 Determing Criteria (S criteria)

If the current PLMN is the one wanted, the UE will read SIB3 toacquire Cell selection and

re-selection info, and read Qqualmin , Qrxlevmin and Maximumallowed UL TX power

(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH ) in the IE of Cell selection andre-selection info for SIB3/4 , and

then determine whether the current cell is suitable to camp onaccording to S criteria.

S criteria:

Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0

Where:

Squal = Q qualmeas Qqualmin

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas

- Qrxlevmin - Pcompensation

Table 1 S criteria parameter description

Parameters Description

Squal It is the quality evaluation value for cell selection, indBs. It is not suitable for

the TDD and GSM mode. Squal is only used for the FDD cell withthe CPICH

Ec/Io as the measurement value.

Srxlev It is the cell selection RX level value, in the unit ofdBm.

Qqualmeas It is the cell quality measurement value. The qualityof the received signal is

represented by CPICH Ec/Io. This parameter is used for the FDDmode only.

Q rxlevmeas It is the measurement value of cell receiving level,in the unit of dBm. This

parameter is suitable for CPICH RSCP of the FDD cell, theP-CCPCH RSCP

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in the TDD cell and the TXLEV of GSM.

Qqualmin It refers to the minimum quality requirement for cell,in dBs. It is not suitable

for TDD or GSM.

Qrxlevmin It refers to the minimum requirement for cellreceiving level, in the unit of

dBm.Pcompensation It is the max value of (UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACHP_MAX, 0), in the unit of

dBm.

UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH It refers to the maximum transmit power of theUE in the RACH of the cell, in

the unit of dBm.

P_MAX It refers to the maximum output power of the UE,indicating the capability of

the UE, in the unit of dBm.

If a cell meets the S criteria, the UE will take this cell as asuitable cell and camp on it, and

then read other system information required. Hereafter, the UEinitiates the location registration

procedure.

If the cell does not meet the S criteria, the UE will readSIB11, Measurement control system

information, Intra-frequency measurement system information,Intra-frequency cell info list, cell

info, Primary CPICH info, Reference time difference to cell andCell Selection and Re-selection

info for SIB11/12. In CPICH info, the UE can get the primaryscrambling code. Since the channel

code of CPICH is unique in the whole UTRAN, the UE can measureQqualmeas and Q rxlevmeas of the

adjacent cell easily (but it requires slot synchronization andframe synchronization) based on the

primary scrambling code and the reference time difference tocell. Moreover, in the IE of Cell

Selection and Re-selection info for SIB11/12 , the UE can knowthe Maximum allowed UL TX

power , Qqualmin and Qrxlevmin of the adjacent cell, so that itcan calculate the Squal and

Srxlev of the adjacent cell to determine whether the adjacentcell meets the above selection

criteria or not.

The UE can also read Inter-frequency measurement systeminformation, Inter-frequency cell

info list, frequency info and cell info, and the Cell info isthe same as above. The Frequency info

contains UARFCN uplink (Nu) and UARFCN downlink (Nd) . Based onall the above information,

the UE can work out Squal and Srxlev of the adjacent cell anddetermine whether it meets the S

criteria or not.

If the UE cannot find any cell meeting the S criteria, it willconsider there is no coverage and

go on with the PLMN selection and reselection procedure.

In idle mode, the UE needs to monitor the signal quality of thecurrent cell and adjacent cell

all the time to select the best serving cell to acquire theservice. This is the cell reselection

procedure.

If the UE finds an adjacent cell meeting the selection criteria,it will camp on this cell and read

other system information required. Then the UE will start therandom access and initiate the

location registration procedure.

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1.2.2 Cell Reselection

The UE will fulfill the following tasks when it is in normalresidence state in the UTRAN:

Monitoring PCH and PICH according to indication of systeminformation;

Monitoring relevant system information;

Carrying out cell measurement procedure to provide data for thecell reselection evaluation

procedure;

The following is the introduction to the triggering occasionsand measurement rules of cell

reselection, as well as the criteria for cell reselectionevaluation.

1.2.2.1 Triggering occasions

The UE initiates cell reselection in the following cases:

Time triggering in idle mode (with the quality measurement valueof the current service cell

being smaller than intra-frequency measurement threshold)

When the UE in idle mode cannot find any service cell meetingthe S criteria within Nserv

DRXs (in spite of the setting in system information)

When the UE detects that it is in a non -service area

1.2.2.2 Measurement rules

Measurement rules for non Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS)cells

If the cell broadcast system information indicates that the HCSis not adopted, the UE

decides to perform the corresponding measurement according tothe following rules: (Note: in the

CPICH Ec/Io measurement status, Squal corresponds to Sx , in theCPICH RSCP measurement

status, Srxlev corresponds to Sx )

Intra-frequency measurement

If Sx>S intrasearch, UE does not need to performintra-frequency measurement.

If SxS intrasearch, UE does not need to perform inter-frequencymeasurement.

If Sx

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If system information does not contain S intrasearch , UE needto perform inter-frequency

measurement in all cases.

Inter-system measurement

If Sx>Ssearch RATm , UE does not need to measure systemm.

If Sx

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IF (Srxlev s

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R s = Q meas ,s + Qhyst s

R n = Q meas ,n - Qoffset s,n - TO n * (1 L n)

Where:

TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)

Ln = 0 if HCS_PRIOn = HCS_PRIOsLn = 1 if HCS_PRIOn HCS_PRIOs

W(x) = 0 for x < 0W(x) = 1 for x >= 0

The parameter TEMP_OFFSET n , defined for the H criteria and Rcriteria, is the offset of the

adjacent cells within the PENALTY_TIME n . The two parameters ofTEMP_OFFSET n and

PENALTY_TIME n are suitable for the HCS cells only (which aredesignated in the system

information).

Each adjacent cell is assigned with a timer T n, which will bereset when the following

conditions are met:

If HCS_PRIO n HCS_PRIO and Q meas_LEV ,n > Qhcs n

Or

If HCS_PRIO n = HCS_PRIO and

if the measurement value is set to CPICH RSCP for the FDD celland the adjacent cells,

Qmap,n > Q map ,s + Qoffset1 s,n

if the measurement value is set to CPICH Ec/No for the FDD celland the adjacent cell

Qmeas_LEV,n > Q meas_LEV ,s + Qoffset2 s,n

for other types of cells:

Qmap,n > Q map ,s + Qoffset1 s,n

If the above conditions are not met, Tn should stop countingimmediately. TQn is valid only

when Tn is counting; otherwise, it should be set to 0.

The cell reselection procedure and Tn are still valid after theUE selects a new cell, unless the

above conditions are not met or the cell is not the adjacentcell of the selected cell any more.

However, the system information of the new system after the newcell is selected should be used

to evaluate the above criteria.

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Table 2 Cell reselection parameter description

Parameters Description

Sn The cell selection value of adjacent cells (db)

Qmap,s It is the quality mapping value of the service cell,including the CPICH RSCP

and CPICH Ec/No in the FDD mode, CPICH P-CCPCH RSCP in theTDD

mode and the RXLEV of the GSM. The parameters of the mappingfunctions

are provided by thecell_selection_and_cell_quality_measuresection of the

system information.

Qmap,n It is the quality mapping value of the service cell,including the CPICH RSCP

and CPICH Ec/No in the FDD mode, CPICH P-CCPCH RSCP in theTDD

mode and the RXLEV of the GSM. The parameters of the mappingfunctions

are provided by thecell_selection_and_cell_quality_measuresection of the

system information.

Qmeas_lev It is the quality value of the signal receivedprovided in the

cell_selection_and_cell_quality_measure section of the systeminformation.

It is represented by in CPICH RSCP the FDD mode, and P-CCPCHRSCP in

the TDD mode and RXLEV in the GSM.

The UE sequences these cells meeting the S criteria according tothe R criteria:

The cells with the highest HCS_PRIO meeting the H criteria, thatis, H is greater than or

equal to 0. This is not for the case when the UE is in the fastmoving mode.

If HCS is not considered, or no cell meets the H criteria, theUE will sequence all cells.

In all the cases, a cell will be selected only when it meets allthe criteria above within the time

of Treselect .

Table 3 Description of the parameters of cell reselection insystem information broadcasts

Parameters Description

Qoffset1s,n It is the offset between two cells, used for theCPICH RSCP in the TDD, GSM

and FDD mode.

Qoffset2s,n It is the offset between two cells, used for theCPICH Ec/No in the TDD, GSM

and FDD mode.

Qhyst1s It is the hysteresis value, used for the CPICH RSCP inthe TDD, GSM and

FDD mode.

Qhyst2 It is the hysteresis value, used for the CPICH Ec/No inthe TDD, GSM and

FDD mode.

HCS_PRIOs, HCS_PRIO It is the priority assigned to service celland adjacent cell, in the value range of

(0-7).

Qhcss, Qhcsn It is the quality threshold of the service cell andadjacent cell in the cell

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reselection in HCS.

Qqualmin It is the minimum quality standard designated to thecell, in the unit of db. It is

used for CPICH Ec/No of FDD only.

Qrxlevmin It is the minimum receiving level, in the unit of dBm,TEMPORARY_OFFSET1n

PENALTY_TIMEn It refers the time duration for which theTEMPORARY_OFFSETn is applied for

a neighbouring cell.

TEMPORARY_OFFSET1n It is the offset of applying the H and Rcriteria within the penaltiy time, used for

the CPICH RSCP in the TDD, GSM and FDD mode.

TEMPORARY_OFFSET2n It is the offset of applying the H and Rcriteria within the penalty time, used for

the CPICH Ec/No in the FDD mode.

TCRmax It indicates the maximum time spent for cellreselection.

NCR It is the maximum times of cell reselection

TCRmaxHyst It refers to the hysteresis time for the UE resumesto the normal mode from the

high-speed moving mode.

Treselections It indicates the value of the cell reselectioncounter (for designating the

hysteresis time for cell reselection)

SsearchHCS It specifies the threshold for the UE to performmeasurement on the adjacent

cell when HCS is adopted.

SsearchRAT 1 - SsearchRAT k It specifies the threshold for thestartup of the measurement on the system

RATm.

SHCS,RATm It specifies the threshold for the UE to performinter-system measurement on

the adjacent cell when HCS is adopted.

Sintrasearch It specifies the threshold for intra-frequencymeasurement. It is used in the

HCS measurement criteria.

Sintersearch It specifies the threshold for inter-frequencymeasurement. It is used in the

HCS measurement criteria.

Slimit,SearchRATm It indicates the measurement criteria for cellreselection in HCS. It is used to

designate the time when the UE starts up the inter-systemmeasurement

(RATm) on the adjacent cell.

1.3 Random Access

Random access procedure is the procedure when an MS requestsaccess to the system,

receives the response of the system and is allocated withdedicated channel. (Note: If the RRC

connection is set up on the common control channel (CCCH), thesystem does not need to

allocate DCCH. If the RRC connection is set up on the dedicatedcontrol channel (DCCH), the

system needs to allocate DCCH). This procedure is attached oncethe MS is powered on, and will

be detached when the MS is powered off, location area update,routing area update, and

signalling connection setup process for executing any service.The 3GPP 25.211 protocol defines

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the random access channel (RACH) and physical random accesschannel (PRACH), as well as

the frame structure of the access channel and physical-layertiming relation. The 3GPP 25.213

defines the spread spectrum demodulation of the domudulation andmessage parts (data and

control) of the access channel preamble code, as well as thepreamble code, scrambling code

and spread code. The 3GPP 25.214 protocol defines the accessprocedure. The following are the

further description of these contents.

1.3.1 Random Access Channel

RACH, an uplink common transport channel, maps to PRACH, whichis an uplink physical

common channel. RACH is always received by NodeB in the wholecell. It features collision and

adopting open loop power control.

The RACH transmission is based on a Slotted ALOHA approach withfast acquisition

indication (AI). The MS can start the transmission at apre-defined time offset, which is

represented by an access slot. Two 10-ms radio frames constitutea 20ms access frame, which

are divided into 15 access slots, with an interval of 5120 chips(with the time of 1.332ms). Figure 1

shows the timing information and AI on the access slot, as wellas the number of access slots and

the interval between them. The high-layer signalling indicatesthe access slot whose information

is available in the current cell.

Figure 1 Number of RACH access slots and interval betweenthem

The user can initiate random access transmission at the starttime of each access slot. Figure

2 shows the structure of the random access transmission, whichis composed of one or more

message parts of 10ms or 20ms in length.

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

5120 chips

radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms

ccess slot

Random Access Transmission

Random Access Transmission

Random Access Transmission

Random Access Transmission

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Figure 2 Structure of random access transmission

The preamble of the random access is 4096 chips, including 256repetitions of a 16-chip

signature. There are 16 different signatures in all.

The 10-ms message of random access is divided into 15 slots,each of which is 2560 chips in

length. Each slot includes two parts, one is data part, whichthe RACH transport channel maps to;the other is the control part,which is used to transport the L1 control information. The dataand

control parts are transmitted simultaneously in codemultiplexing mode. A 10-ms message part is

composed of one radio frame, and a 20-ms message part iscomposed of two continuous 10-ms

radio frames. The length of the message part can be determinedby the signature and/or access

slot used. This is configured by the high layer.

The data part includes 10*2 k bits, where, k=0, 1, 2, 3. Thedata part of the message

corresponds to the spread factors of 256, 128, 64 and 32.

The control part includes eight known pilot bits (used forsupporting the channel estimation

for correlation detection) and two TFCI bits. For the messagecontrol part, this corresponds to the

spread factor of 256. For the pilot bit pattern, refer to the3GPP TS 25.211 protocol. The total

number of TFCI bits in the access message is 15 2, that is 30.The TFCI value corresponds to

the transport format of the current random access message. Whenthe PRACH message part is

20ms in length, the TFCI will repeat in the second radioframe.

The downlink AICH is divided into downlink access slots, each ofwhich is 5120 chips in

length. The downlink access slot is aligned with the PCCPCH interms of time. The uplink PRACH

is divided into uplink access slots, each of which is 5120chips. The nth uplink access slot are

transported the p-a chips before the UE receives the nthdownlink access slot (where n=0,

1, 14). The downlink AI is transmitted at the beginning of thedownlink access slot. Similarly, the

preamble and message part of the uplink RACH are transmitted atthe beginning of the uplink

access slot. Figure 3 shows the PRACH/AICH timing relation.

Message partPreamble

4096 chips10 ms (one radio frame)

Preamble Preamble

Message partPreamble

4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

Preamble Preamble

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Figure 3 PRACH-AICH timing relation from the view of UE

The preamble-preamble code distance p-p should be greater thanor equal to the minimum

preamble-preamble code distance p-p,min , that is p-p p-p,min.

The distance from the preamble to the AI p-a , and the distancefrom the preamble to the

message p-m are as shown below:

When AICH_Transmission_Timing is set to 0, then

p-p,min = 15360 chips (3 access slots)

p-a = 7680 chips

p-m = 15360 chips (3 access slots)

When AICH_Transmission_Timing is set to 1, then

p-p,min = 20480 chips (4 access slots)

p-a = 12800 chips

p-m = 20480 chips (4 access slots)

The parameter AICH_Transmission_Timing is provided through thesignalling mode.

1.3.2 Random Access Procedure

After the physical layer of the UE receives the PHY-DATA-REQprimitive request of the MAC

sublayer, the UE will start the physical random accessprocedure. Refer to the 3GPP TS 25.321

protocol.

Before the physical random access procedure is initiated, thelayer 1 (physical layer) of the

UE should be able to receive the following system informationfrom the high layer of the UE (RRC

layer):

Scrambling code of the preamble part

Length of the message part, 10ms or 20ms

One access slot

p-a

p-mp-p

Pre-amble

Pre-amble Message part

Acq.Ind. AICH access

slots RX at UE

PRACH accessslots TX at UE

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The value of AICH_Transmission Timing (0 or 1)

The signature set and RACH access subchannel group set assignedfor the SN of each ASC

(access subchannel)

The parameter of Power_Ramp_Step (integer > 0)

The parameter of Preamble_Retrans_Max (integer > 0)

The parameter of Preamble_Initial_Power

The power used for the last preamble transmission and the offsetof the transmission power

of the control part in the random access message P p-m = Pmessage-control P preamble , in the unit

of dB.

TFS parameters, including the power offset of the data part andcontrol part of the random

access message for every transmission format.

Please note that the above parameters may be updated by the highlayer before the physical

random access procedure is initiated every time.

In addition, before the physical random access procedure isinitiated, layer 1 should be able

to receive the following information from the MAC layer:

The transmission format used for the PRACH message part

ASC transmitted by PRACH

Data to be transmitted (TBS)

When initiating the physical random access, the UE needs tooperate according to the

following procedure:

Step 1: It determines the available RACH access subchannel setaccording to the

designated ASC and the available uplink access slot set in thenext complete access slot set

(SFN mod 2 = 0 and SFN mod 2 = 1, where the former one is calledaccess slot set 1, and the

latter one is called access slot set 2), and then selects oneuplink access slot randomly. The rule

for random selection is equal probability selection. If noaccess slot set is available currently, it

selects one in the next access slot set at random.

Step 2: It selects the signature randomly from the signature setaccording to the designated

ASC. The rules for random selection are equal probabilityselection.

Step 3: It sets the initial value of the preamble retransmissioncounter to

Preamble_Retrans_Max .

Step 4: It sets the parameter Commanded Preamble Power toPreamble_Initial_Power.

Step 5: If the value of Commanded Preamble Power exceeds thelargest allowed value, it

will set the transmission power of the preamble to the maximumallowed transmission power. If

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the value of Commanded Preamble Power is less than the minimumvalue required (specified in

the 3GPP TS 25.101 protocol), it will set the transmission powerof the preamble to the current

calculation value (which may be greater than, less than or equalto the Commanded Preamble

Power ). Otherwise, it sets the transmission power of preambleto Commanded Preamble Power .

It transmits the preamble by using the selected uplink accessslot, signature and preamble

transmission power.

Step 6: It waits for the NodeB to return an acknowledgement forthe used signature. If the UE

cannot detect the AI of +1 or -1 on the downlink access slotwith the same number as the uplink

access slot used for transmitting preamble, it will select anavailable uplink access slot at random.

Then it adds Commanded Preamble Power according to the powerramp step P p-m =

P message-control P preamble , and then subtract the preamblereset counter by 1. If Commanded

Preamble Power is greater than the maximum power threshold 6dB,the UE will report the status

of layer 1 (No ack on AICH) to the MAC layer, and then exit thephysical random access

procedure. Thereafter, if the value of the retransmissioncounter is greater than 0, repeat Step 6;

otherwise, report the status of layer 1 (No ack on AICH) to theMAC layer, and exit the physical

random access procedure

Step 7: If the received value of AI for UE is -1, it will reportthe status of layer 1 (No ack on

AICH) to the MAC layer, and then exit the physical random accessprocedure.

Step 8: If the received value of AI for UE is +1, it willtransmit the random access message

part three or four uplink access slots after the last time ofpreamble transmission according to thevalue ofAICH_Transmission_Timing . The transmission power of the controlpart of the random

access message should be P p-m higher than the power for thelast preamble transmission. For

that of the data part, refer to the protocol.

From the view of the operation flow of the random accessprocedure, the UE needs to

transmit preamble before initiating an access, and then waitsfor the acknowledgement from

NodeB. Then the NodeB detects the preamble transmitted by the UEin each uplink slot. It will

return an AI through the AICH channel if it finds a preamble.The UE detects AI in a specific

downlink access slot after transmitting the preamble. If itreceives a permission AI, it continues to

transmit the message part, so as to complete a physical randomaccess. If it does not receive any

AI, the UE will r epeat the handshake process of transmitpreambledetect AI for N times (preset),

and start transmitting the message part, to complete a physicalrandom access. If the UE receives

a rejection AI, it will exit this random access procedure, andthen report the status. The message

of the random access message part includes the flag informationof the UE, the service type

requested, and so on.

The following shows the access subchannels and the definitionsof access slot sets, with the

following example:

Table 4 Relation between access subchannel and access slot andSFN

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SFN modulo 8 of

corresponding P-CCPCH

frame

Subchannel number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 12 13 14 8 9 10 112 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 9 10 11 12 13 14 8

4 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5

5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

6 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

AICH access

slots

10 ms

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4p-a

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4

PRACHaccess slots

SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1

10 ms

Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2

Figure 4 Definition of access slot set (with the example ofuplink/downlink access slot fixed differencep-a 7680chips)

2 Signalling Messages of Access Procedure

Before the access procedure, the UE needs to receive the cellsystem information broadcast

message of the UTRAN. The following is the introduction to themeanings and applications of

these signalling messages and information elements (IE).

2.1 System Information Broadcast2.1.1 System InformationStructure

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Figure 5 System information structure

System IEs are broadcast in system information block (SIB). Thesystem IEs with the same

character are combined to an SIB. Different SIBs may havedifferent characters, for example, the

periodical repetition rate and the requirement on SIB re-read ofthe UE.

The system information is organized as a tree, as shown inFigure 5. As the reference of

large numbers of SIBs in a cell, the primary information blockcontains the sequence of these

SIBs. The upper level SIB functions the same on the blocks ofthe lower level. The referenced SIBmust have the same functionrange and update mechanism with the SIBs of the upper level.

Some SIBs may be present for several times with differentcontents. In this case, the

sequence for each present of the SIBs must be provided. Atpresently, this is only suitable for the

SIB type 16.

The following table shows the description of each systeminformation block.

Table 5 System information block

SIB RRC Protocol

State

Description Size

[TTI]

1 Idle mode Contains the NAS information and the information ofthe timers and

counters of the UE in idle mode and connected mode

1

2 Connected mode Contains the URA identity and the periodicalcell updating and URA

updating information

1

3 Idle mode Contains the parameters of cell selection andreselection read by the UE

in idle mode

1

4 Connected mode Contains the parameters of cell selection andreselection read by the UE

in connected mode

(1)

5 Idle mode Contains the configuration parameters of the commonchannel read bythe UE in idle mode

3

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SIB RRC Protocol

State

Description Size

[TTI]

6 Connected mode Contains the configuration parameters of thecommon channel and

common physical channel read by the UE in connected mode

(3)

7 Idle modeConnected mode

Contains the parameters of fast variance (UL-Interference anddynamicpersistence level)

0.5

8 Connected mode

(FDD only)

Contains the static CPCH information 1.5

9 Connected mode

(FDD only)

Contains the CPCH information 0.5

10 CELL_DCH

(FDD only)

Contains the Dynamic Resource Allocation Control (DRAC)

procedure information

-

11 Idle mode Contains the adjacent cell list and measurementcontrol information read

by the UE in idle mode

1-10

12 Connected mode Contains the adjacent cell list andmeasurement control information read

by the UE in connected mode

(1-10)

13 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains the ANSI-41 information 1

13-1 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains the ANSI-41 RAND information 0.5

13-2 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains ANSI-41 user zone ID 0.5

13-3 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains the ANSI-41 private neighbour list 0.5

13-4 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains ANSI-41 service redirect information 0.5

14 Idle mode

Connected mode

(TDD only)

Contains the uplink outloop function control information read bythe UE in

the idle and connected mode

-

15 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains the LCS information supported 1

16 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains the RB used for handover and the parameters of thetransport

channel and physical channel read and stored by the UE in theidle andconnected modes.

3

18 Idle mode

Connected mode

Contains the PLMN ID of the Neighboring cell

2.1.2 System Information Broadcast Procedure

According to the protocol, the system information messagetransmits the SIB on the BCCH,

and BCCH can be mapped to the BCH or FACH, so the size of thesystem information message

should be in accord with the size of the BCH or FACH. The RRClayer is responsible for the

cascading (when the size of the SIB is less than that of thetransport block of the BCH or FACH)

and segmentation of the SIB (when the size of the SIB is greaterthan that of the transport block of

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the combination of IB adding, reducing and content updating) forthe first time according to the

value of the SFN set by this IE. Otherwise, NodeB will updatethe scheduling information on the

BCCH as much as possible. Refer to the message analysis inSection 5.

2.1.3 System Information UpdateThe UE and the UTRAN may usedifferent mechanisms for SIB update. If the SIB contains a

value tag, the UTRAN should indicate the time to change an IE.This time is determined by means

of changing the value tag. Even though the value tag is notchanged, the UE should consider that

the SIB will become invalid six hours after it is received. Inaddition, such SIBs exist, in which the

IEs are changed too frequently to indicate the change with thevalue tag. Such SIBs are not

related to the value tag in the primary information block or thevalue tag of the upper-level SIB.

The stored SIB should be taken as invalid after the UE ispowered off.

Modifying SIB with value tag

When the system information is changed, the UTRAN should executethe following

operations to indicate the UE of these system informationchanges.

1. It updates the system information in the SIB

2. It updates the upper- level SIB with the value tag in theupdated SIB if the updated SIB

is connected to the upper-level SIB

3. It updates the primary information block with th e value tagin the updated SIB or the

upper-level SIB, and changing the value tag in the primaryinformation block

4. It transmits the new primary information block on the BCHmapped by the BCCH, and

then the updated SIB

5. It transmits the new primary information block on the FACHmapped by the BCCH, so

that all the UEs in the CALL_FACH state can get the information.The UTRAN can

retransmit the new primary information block on the FACH so asto increase the correct

receiving rate of this information.

6. It transmits the PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH, so thatthe UEs in the idle or

connected (CELL_PCH or URA_PCH) mode can get the information. Inthe IE of BCCH

Modifacation Information in the PAGING TYPE 1 message, the UTRANshould indicate

the new value tag for the primary information block. The PAGINGTYPE 1 message

should be transmitted in all paging occasions. For the BCCHModification Information

on the PCH, the system information should not be changed tofrequently, but should

coordinate with the maximum DRX cycle supported by theUTRAN.

7. After receiving the PAGING TYPE 1 message, the UE shouldcheck the value tag of

the primary information block indicated in the IE of BCCHModification Information. If it

is different from the value stored in the VALUE_TAG, and thenread the new primary

information block according to the present sequenceinformation.8. After the UE receives the new primary informationblock on the BCH or FACH mapped

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by the BCCH, it should store the new value tag (transmitted inthe VALUE_TA G

variable in the primary information block, and then check the IEof value tag of all SIBs

used by the UE. If there is change, the UE should read this SIB.After receiving the

modified SIB, the UE executes the operations specified inSection 8.1.1.5 of the 25.331

protocol.

Modifying system information without value tag

When the UE knows that the SIB contains no value tag, it shouldstart up a timer, whose

value equals to the repetition cycle of the SIB (SIB_REP). Whenthe timer expires, the information

transmitted by this SIB should be taken as invalid. Before usingthe value contained in the system

IE, the UE should get the new SIB. After receiving the modifiedSIB, the UE executes the

operations specified in Section 8.1.1.5 of the 25.331protocol.

Time critical modification of SIB

For the modification of some system IEs (for example,re-configuration of the channel), it is

essential to know the time of the modification. In this case,the UTRAN executes the following

operations to notify the UE of these changes:

1. It transmits the PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH, so thatthe UE in the CELL_PCH

and URA_PCH state can acquire the information. In the BCCHModification Information, the

UTRAN should indicate the change time and the new value tagsuitable for the primary

information block after the change. The PAGING TYPE 1 messageshould be transmitted in

all paging occasions (it is the continuous 256 frames at present(with the paging cycle of 2^8 ).

(The PIs of the CN will be discarded in this case).2. Ittransmits the SYSTEM INFORMATION CHANGE INDICATION message on theFACH

mapped by the BCCH, so that all the UEs in the CELL_FACH statecan acquire the

information. In the IE of BCCH Modification Information , theUTRAN should indicate

change time and the new value tag suitable for the primaryinformation block after the change.

The UTRAN can repeat transmitting the SYSTEM INFORMATION CHANGEINDICATION

message on the FACH so as to increase the correct receiving rateof this information.

3. The UE updates the system inf ormation, and changes the valuetag in the corresponding

SIB.4. If the updated SIB is connected to the upper-level SIB,the UE updates the upper-level SIB

with the value tag in the updated SIB.

5. It updates the new information block with the value tag inthe updated SIB or the upper-level

SIB, and changes the value tag of the primary informationblock.

6. When the designated time comes, it transmits the new primaryinformation block on the BCH

mapped by the BCCH, and then transmits the updated SIB on theBCCH.

7. After receiving the PAGING TYPE 1 or SYSTEM INFORMATIONCHANGE INDICATION

message, the UE should wait until the time indicated by the IEBCCH Modification

Information comes, and then read the new primary informationblock.

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8. When receiving the new prima ry information block, the UEshould store the value tag of the

new primary information block, and check the IE of value tag ofall SIBs used by the UE. If it

is different from the value stored in the VALUE_TAG , the UEwill read corresponding SIB.

After receiving the modified SIB, the UE executes the operationsspecified in Section 8.1.1.5

of the 25.331 protocol.

9. If the UE cannot find the primary information block, itconsiders that the physical

re-configuration has happened, and then carries out new cellsearching.

2.1.4 Description of IEs of SIBs

Here only provides the description of the IEs of the SIBsrealized by RNC V1.2.

2.1.4.1 MIB:

By comparing the latest MIB tag, the UE can determine whether toupdate the MIBinformation stored previously.

MIB contains some basic information of the access network, suchas PLMN information,

MNC and MCC.

It contains the scheduling information of other SIBs (SB1, SB2and SIB1). Where, the

scheduling information of SB1 and SB2 must be put in the MIB,and that of others can be put

in SB1 and SB2.

2.1.4.2 SIB1:NAS information

CN DOMAIN information:

T3212: CS domain periodical location update, once every 1/10hour;

T3312: SGSN MM periodical route update;

NMO: no GS information between SGSN and MSC/VLR, with NMO being1;

DRX: it is equal to 2^K * PBP, with K being the DRX cycle lengthcoefficient of the CN domain,

and PBP being the number of paging block cycles, and FDD being1.

The timer and counter constants of the UE in connected mode: thetimer constant used for

the UE capability information (T304), the timer constant usedfor RRC connection release

completion (T308), the timer constant used for cell reselectionin connected mode (T309), the

timer constant used for transmitting the PUSCH capabilityrequest (T310), the timer constant

used for selecting PUSCH allocation hangup in the physicalcommon shared channel

allocation (T311), the timer constant used for out-of-sync.Indication in connected mode

(T313), the timer constant used for indicating radio linkfailure (T314 and T315).

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Various timer constants of the UE in idle mode: The timerconstant used for RRC connection

setup (T300) and the synchronization indication timer constantused for creating dedicated

channel (T312).

Note: [1] In this version of protocol, the UE does not use T301or N301. The UE starts thetimer T302 after transmitting CELLUPT/URA UPT, and stops this timer after the receiving

CONFIRM. Once the timer expires, and if V302

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[10] The UE starts the timer T313 after tdetecting N313 (themaximum number of continuous

out-of-sync indications received from L1) continuous out-of-syncindications, and stops this timer

after detecting N315 (the maximum number of continuous in-syncindications received from L1

during the timing period of T313) continuous synchronizationindications. Once the timer expires,

the radio link will be disconnected.

[11] The UE starts T314 only when the radio link failurecriteria are met and the radio bearer

associated with the T314 timer exists, and stops this timer whenthe cell updating procedure is

completed. For the case of timeout, refer to Section 8.3.1.13 ofthe 25.331 protocol. According to

the protocol, when the cell updating procedure is initiated forRRC connection re-setup, and if

either T314 or T315 expires, and T302 is not running, it isnecessary to release the RAB related to

T314/T315. However, RR does not support the crossing flow forthe cell updating and RAB

configuration releasing, so T314/T315 should be set to 0 or avalue greater than T302 N302.

[12] The timer T316 is initiated when the UE in theURA_PCH/CELL_PCH detects it is out of

the service area, and this timer is stopped when the UE detectsit enters the service area again. If

the UE is in the service area, it initiates the cell updatingprocedure, and the timer T317 is initiated.

When the UE detects the state is transited to CELL_FACH afterentering the service area and

initiates the cell updating procedure, the UE will enter idlemode once T317 expires.

[13] The UE starts the timer after transmitting RRC REQ, andstops this timer after receiving

RRC CON SETUP. Once the timer expires, and if V300

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2. Cell selection and reselection. When all the above three IEsare in the NOT_XXX state,

this cell can be selected in the cell selection and reselectionin the connection and idle mode.

When the cell is in the not barred or not reserved for operatoruse or reserved for SoLSA state,

the UE that does not support SoLSA cannot access this cell. Whenthe cell is in the state of not

barred or reserved for operator use, the users with the AC levelof 11 to 15 in the home PLMN can

access this cell. The users with the AC level of 0 to 10 cannotaccess this cell. When the cell is in

the barred state, the UE cannot select this cell, but itprovides emergency call service in general

cases, unless this cell in the IE of Access class barred listindicates this cell prohibited emergency

call. The UE ignores the IE of Cell Reserved for SoLSA. The UEcan select other cells according

to the following rules:

[1] If the IE of Intra-frequency cell re-selection indicator inthe Cell Access Restrict

section is ALLOWED , and if the cell reselection condition ismet, the UE can select another

intra-frequency cell.

[2] If this UE camps on other cells, it will delete this cellfrom the neighboring cell set within

the time of Tarred . The parameter of Tarred and the cell stateare provided in the system

information of Cell Access Restriction.

[3] If the UE does not select other cells and this cell is stillthe best serving cell, the UE will

check the state of this cell within the time of Tarred .

[4] If the IE of Intra-frequency cell re-selection indicator inthe Cell Access Restrict

section is not allowed , even if the cell reselection conditionis met, the UE cannot select the best

serving cell with the same frequency with the barred cell. Theemergency call is the exception,

that is, the emergency call service ignores this IE.

[5] If this cell is still the besting service cell, the UEchecks the state of this cell within the

Tarred time.

3. Access control. The UEs that camp on this cell will notdetect the access level or the

related cell access restriction information. That is, the UEwill not discard the cell that it camps on,

as it bars other UEs of all levels from accessing. Therefore,the change of the access restrictioncondition will not trigger thecell reselection procedure of the UE. Before transmitting theRRC

CONNECTION REQUEST message to the cell, the UE will detect theaccess level and the related

cell access restriction information. For the UE starting theinitial cell access when it selects

UTRAN for inter-system measurement on other cells (it entersconnected mode) and the UEs in

connected mode, the access level and cell restrict conditioninformation will be ignored.

4. Emergency call. Generally, all the cells in the not barredstate will provide the emergency

service, in spite of the restriction condition and reservingcondition. If necessary, the restriction on

the emergency calls will be indicated in the IE of Access classbarred list. For the details of the IEof Access class barred list,refer to TS 22.201.

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2.1.4.5 SIB5:

PICH-PowerOffset

AICH-PowerOffset

PrimaryCCPCH-Info: tx-DiversityIndicator for FDD

PRACH-SystemInformationList:

SCCPCH-SystemInformationList:

CBS-DRX-Level1Information

Note:

1. The SIB5 contains the configuration information of the commonchannel, such as

information received by paging. To fast calculate the pagingtime during cell reselection, it ishelpful to shorten therepetition cycle of SIB5.

2. The paging and SCCPCH in idle mode. If one or more PCHs areset up in a cell, each

SCCPCH bears one PCH, and each PCH has one PICH respectively,more than one PCH and

PICH will be defined in SIB5, and the UE will select one SCCPCHin the IMSI-based list of SIB5

according to this rule: the selected SCCPCH index= IMSI mod K,where K is the number of

SCCPCHs for bearing PCH in the cell (that is the number ofSCCPCHs for bearing FACH is not

included). The relevant information of SCCPCH is sequenced from0 to k-1 in the system

information. The index of SCCPCH uniquely identifies the PCHborne by the SCCPCH in this cell

as well as the relevant PICH. When the UE has no IMSI, foremergency call for example, the IMSI

is regarded as 0.

3. SCCPCH selection in connected mode. If the UE entersconnected mode from idle

mode by transmitting the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, it willselect the SCCPCH

bearing FACH in SIB5 based on the Initial UE identity accordingto the following rules to receive

the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message: the selected SCCPCH index=Initial UE Identity

mod K. where K is the number of SCCPCHs for bearing FACH in thecell (that is the number of

SCCPCHs for bearing PCH is not included). The relevantinformation of SCCPCH is sequenced

from 0 to k-1 in the system information. The initial UE identityis obtained by the UE by

transmitting the IE in RRC CONNECTION REQUEST. Refer to Section8.2 of the 25.304 protocol,

and SIB5 in the 25.331 protocol.

4. Discontinuous connection. The UE in idle mode can use thediscontinuous receiving

method (DRX) to lower the power consumption. When DRX is used,the UE only needs to monitor

the PI within each DRX period. The length of the paging periodis MAX(2 K,PBP) frames, where K

is an integer, and PBP is the paging block period. The PBP isonly used for TDD, and it is equal to

the receiving period of PICH. For FDD, PBP=1. The CBS-DRX ofSIB5 is only for the

discontinuous receiving for CTCH, and this will be realized inV1.3.

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2.1.4.6 SIB7:

UL-Interference: Uplink interference information (-110 to-70)

prach-Information-SIB5-List

prach-Information-SIB6-List, optional

expirationTimeFactor: expirationtimer=MAX ([320ms], SIB_REPexpirationTimeFactor),

indicating update period, with expirationTimeFactor:: 1 8.

Note: SIB7 includes the parameters requiring constant changestransmitted on the RACH

uplink, such as uplink interference, and it is not updated withthe value tag of MIB. It must be read

from the BCCH before the usage of these parameters and thetransmission in short repeated

cycle.

2.1.4.7 SIB11:

FACH measurement occasion info

Measurement control system information

Note: The size of the SIB11 depends on the number of adjacentcells and the volume of

measurement control information contained. When it is supposedthat only one cell exists and

there is other measurement control information, this informationblock will have no segmentation

in a TTI. When there is 32 adjacent cells (including 12intra-frequency cells, 12 inter-frequency

cells and 8 GSM cells for example), SIB11 will use 10 TTIs. Allthese are suitable for SIB12 in

connected mode.

2.1.4.8 SIB18:

Idle mode PLMN identities

Connected mode PLMN identities

2.2 RRC Connection

UE UTRAN

RRC CONNECTION REQUEST

RRC CONNECTION SETUP

RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE

Figure 6 RRC signalling connection setup process

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To access network service, the UE must set up RRC connection atthe AS and UTRAN,

namely the RRC CONN REQ for setting up channel allocated byUTRAN, shown in Figure 6, and

then it uses this AS connection for the signalling exchange withthe CN. As UTRAN can decide

the initial connected state, CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH, of the UErequesting to access, that is,

different common transport channels mapped by the DCCHcorresponds to different RRC flows.

2.2.1 RRC_CONNECTION_REQUEST

Figure 7 shows IEs of this message.

UE information elements

Initial UE identity: Indicates whether a UE has available TMSI,PTMSI, IMSI and IMEI

information, based on the priority of the UE.

Establishment cause: It refers to the RRC connection setupcause, including: OriginatingConversational Call, OriginatingStreaming Call, Originating Interactive Call, Originating

Background Call, Originating Subscribed traffic Call,Terminating Conversational Call,

Terminating Streaming Call, Terminating Interactive Call,Terminating Background Call,

Emergency Call, Inter-RAT cell re-selection, Inter-RAT cellchange order, Registration,

Detach, Originating High Priority Signalling, Originating LowPriority Signalling, Call

re-establishment, Terminating High Priority Signalling,Terminating Low Priority Signalling,

Terminating - cause unknown.

Protocol error indicator: It is the protocol error indicator,including the options of No error,

ASN.1 violation or encoding error, Message type non-existent ornot implemented, Message

not compatible with receiver state, Information element valuenot comprehended, Information

element missing, Message extension not comprehended.

Measurement information elements

Measured results on RACH: It reports the measured results onRACH of the intra-frequency

cell (monitoring set) designated in SIB11, including thequalities of the primary scrambling

code and pilot Ec/No of the cell.

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Figure 7 RRC CONNECT REQUEST

2.2.2 RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP &RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP_COMPLETEWhen the DCCH is mapped to the commonchannel (RACH/FACH), the RRC connection

(SRB) does not need to set up a radio link. But during theservice setup (TRB), as the DTCH is

mapped to the DCH, a radio link is to be set up, and the RRCconnection will be re-set up on the

dedicated channel. When the DDCH is mapped to the DCH, the RRCconnection (SRB) needs to

set up a radio link. During the service setup, as DTCH alsoneeds to be mapped to the DCH, the

number of DCHs will be increased, which will lead to repeatedconfiguration of radio links. In

these two cases, the RRC connection request messages initiatedby the UE are identical. The

following is the description of the IEs in the RRC connectionsetup messages in these two cases.Figure 8, Figure 10, Figure 11and Figure 13 are two groups of the corresponding flowmessages.

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2.2.2.1 UE in the CELL_FACH state after the RRC connectionsetup

Figure 8 RRC CONNECT SETUP (DCCH is mapped on commonchannel)

Figure 8 shows the IEs of the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message.

UE Information Elements: When the UE is receiving this message,it will check whether the

ID in this IE is consistent with that of itself. If not so, itwill discard this message; if so, it will

read the indication of UE in connected mode from the rrcStateIndication of the UTRAN. If

frequency information is contained, it will select a cell forcamping on according to the cell

reselection rule in connected mode. Then it will select PRACH(refer to Section 8.5.17 in the

25.331 protocol) and SCCPCH (refer to Section 8.5.19 in the25.331 protocol), ignoring the

IE of UTRAN DRX cycle length coefficient, without using DRX. TheUE has performed

common channel synchronization before transmitting RRC CONN REQ,so this step is

omitted there.

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RB Information Elements: Figure 8 displays four singling RB IEs.At present, SRB1 is used

to transmit the message in the unacknowledgement mode (RLC UM),such as RRC CONN

REL, URA UPDATE CONFIRM, CELL UPDATE CONFIRM and PHYSICALSHARED

CHANNEL ALLOCATION (Node: the RRC CONN REQ and RRC CONN SETUPmessages

are transmitted on the CCCH borne by SRB0). SRB2 is used totransmit the message in the

acknowledgement mode (RLC AM). At present, most messages (exceptthe directly

transmitted messages of the NAS layer) are transmitted on theDCCH of this bearer. SRB3

and SRB4 are used to transmit the directly transmitted messagesin the RCL AM mode on

the NAS layer. Each SRB contains the parameters of the RLC layerof the QoS guaranteed in

this bearer, as shown in Figure 9.

TrCH Information Elements (ul AddReconfTransChInfoList anddl

AddReconfTransChInfoList): This message content is invalid inFigure 8, as RACH and

FACH have been set up when the cell is created. DCH 6 filled inis only for message

alignment, which will not be adopted but reserved by the UE.This useless DCH will be

deleted from ul/dl DeletedTransChInfoList during RB SETUP.

maxAllowed UL TX Power: It is the maximum transmit power of theUE, and is set to 24dBm,

as shown in the figure.

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Figure 9 MappingInfo of SRB1 and SRB2 of the DCCH mapped to thecommon channel

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Figure 10 RRC CONNECT SETUP COMPLETE (DCCH is mapped on thecommon channel

Figure 10 shows the IEs of RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETEmessage:

UE Information Elements: It contains values of STARTCS orSTARTPS for triggering the

encryption and integrality protection.

Other information elements: It contains the radio accesscapability information of the UE,

including PDCP capability (indicating whether the PDCP supportslossless transition), RLC

capability (sizes of all RCL AM BUFFERs and the maximum RLCwindow), transport channel

capability (including maximum transmission and receiving Bit,conversion bit, TB, TF, TFC,

and so on), radio frequency capability (including transmitcapability of the UE and the

uplink/downlink frequency interval), physical channel capability(such as maximum transmit

Bit), inter-system access capability, encryption and integralityprotection algorithm supporting

capability, measurement capability (for example, whether theuplink/downlink supports

compressed mode measurement. Huaweis UE supports downlinkcompressed mode

measurement only).

2.2.2.2 UE in CELL_DCH state after RRC connection setup

Figure 11 shows the IEs of the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message:

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Figure 11 RRC CONNECT SETUP (DCCH is mapped to the dedicatedchannel

UE Information Elements: When the UE is receiving this message,it will check whether the

ID in this IE is consistent with that of itself. If not so, itwill discard this message; if so, it will

read the indication of UE in connected mode from the rrcStateIndication of the UTRAN. If

the UE is in the CELL_DCH state, it will enter thesynchronization procedure introduced in the

25.214 protocol. Because when the UE receives this message,NodeB has created the

downlink radio link, so the two stages of downlinksynchronization specified in Section 4.3.1.2

of the 25.214 protocol: Stage 1, the physical layer does notreport the Out of sync message

within 160ms after the DCH is set up initially, but it willjudge the in-sync state with this

criterion: the physical layer estimates the quality of thedownlink DPCCH of the former 40ms,

if this quality is always better than the threshold of Qin , itwill report the In sync message to

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the high layer. However, before the 40-ms DPCCH qualitymeasurement is completed, this

criterion cannot be realized. Stage 2, 160ms after the DCH isset up, the physical layer will

report the Out of sync and In sync messages according to theactual detection result. Refer to

the protocol for the criterion for judging Out of sync. Theout-of-sync timer (T313/N313) of

downlink radio link and the in-sync timer (T315), refer to thedescription of SIB1 in the

previous part. After the downlink synchronization and the UEtransmits pc preamble (the

number of frames in ul DPCH Info ) frames on the UL DPCCHchannel, the UL DPDCH starts

data transmission. The signalling on SRB is transmitted on theUL DPDCH only after SRB

Delay (the number of frames specified in ul DPCH Info ) frames.The uplink is judged by

NODE-B, requiring the detection of the synchronization mode ofall the radio link sets of the

uplink in each radio frame. Each radio link set has only onesynchronization mode. In NODEB,

each radio link set will be tranfered to one of the followingthree states: initial state,

out-of-sync state and in-sync state. The protocol does notspecify the judging criteria directly,

it just recommends to judge based on the DPCCH qualityestimation or CRC check. For the

realization mode, refer to the downlink judging mode mentionedabove.

RB Information Elements : Refer to 2.2.2.1 for details. Thedifference from 2.2.2.1 is the

logical channel in RB MappingInfo is mapped to DCH.

TrCH Information Elements (ul CommonTransChInfo, ulAddReconfTransChInfoList, dl

CommonTransChInfo, dl AddReconfTransChInfoList): including theinformation of TFC, TF

and dl DCH Bler.PhyCH information elements (frequencyInfo):Uplink/downlink frequency information, for

the UE in connected mode to perform cell reselection in theintra-frequency cell.

maxAllowed UL TX Power: The maximum transmit power of the UE, itis 19dBm as shown in

the figure.

Uplink radio resources (ul DPCH Info): It contains the pcpreamble, SRB delay and the

uplink power control algorithm, the power offset of the ULDPCCH, scrambling code, spread

factor, TFCI and punching limit used for UL DPCCHsynchronization.

Downlink radio resources (dl CommonInfomation and dl InformationPerRl List): It

contains the power control mode of the DL DPCH, TFCI, DTXinsertion method

(positionFixedorFlexible, it is Fixed at present, which is usedfor downlink compressed mode

with the punching method), primary scrambling code andchannelization code.

Figure 13 shows the IEs of the RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETEmessage. Refer to

Section 2.2.2.1 for details.

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Figure 12 MapingInfo of SRB1 and SRB2 of the DCCH mapped to theDCH

Figure 13 RRC CONNECT SETUP COMPLETE (DCCH is mapped to theDCH)

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3 Access Procedure Performance Analysis

3.1 Performance Indices of Access Procedure

For network planning, the performance indices for evaluating theaccess procedure are the

access success rate and connection delay. These two indicesdirectly reflect the access

performance of the RAN (access network) and UE (mobile phone).They are related to the

coverage and capacity of the network. The access success raterefers to success rate of the

active access caused by call initiating of the NAS layer of theUE or the passive access caused by

paging receiving. Connection delay refers to the time fromaccess to service connection setup.

However, the statistics points of these two indices are in thecore network (CN), which cannot

reflect the access state well in the network optimization. Inthis document the access performance

index of the RAN (that is the RRC connection setup success rate,namely the times of successfulsetup of RRC connection) areevaluated from the statistics points of the AS. This index canbe

obtained with the OMC statistics tool by referring to Section2.1.6 in Reference [3]. For the

detailed traffic statistics, refer to Reference [7]. Thisconsideration is for network coverage in the

pre-planning and network optimization phases, and measuring thecell pilot signals through UE of

drive test equipment, observing whether the UE performs cellsearching, selection, reselection,

initiates random access, attaching, locationregistration/updating, and accepts the services of the

network normally, so as to perform site adjustment (distancebetween sites, azimuth, downtilt and

so on).

In addition to the success rate of the RRC connection setup, thecell searching and selection

time, the random access rate, the transmit power of the UE canact as the performance indices for

evaluating network coverage. But the main problem is theseindices do not have precise statistics

values.

The speed of random access depends on the initialsynchronization time (including code

synchronization and frame synchronization in the random accesschannel). The number of

random access channels depends on the expected access load. Allthese will affect the

information transmitted in the random access procedure.Moreover, if the UE uses an over-large

transmit power, it will lower the system capacity. Therefore, itis very essential to lower the

transmit power of the UE in the random access procedure, whichcannot be controlled by the fast

closed loop power control in the random access procedure. Itseems inconsistent that high

transmit power lead to fast synchronization, but causeinterference to other users, while lower

transmit power lead to slow synchronization, kept in the finiterepetition times, which drives up the

transmit power step by step. Therefore, the accurate open looppower control can have the UE

use a proper initial transmit power, which will be greatlyhelpful to the performance of random

access.

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3.2 Relevant Factors Affecting Access Procedure Performance

3.2.1 Incorrect Setting of T cell Affecting Cell SearchingSpeed

Tcell is used to define the transmit start time and the BFNrelative delay of the downlink

scrambling codes of the SCH and CPICH of a cell. Its mainpurpose is to avoid overlap of the

secondary synchronization channels (SSCH) between differentcells in the same NodeB. If this

cannot be avoided, it will affect the frame synchronization andscrambling code group

identification during cell searching. The resolution of the cellT cell is 256 chips, the value range of

Tcell is 0 9 256 chips. Please ensure the T cells ofintra-frequency Neighboring cell are

inconsistent. Refer to Reference [4]

3.2.2 Unreasonable Neighboring cell List Affecting CellSelection

The RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message contains the pilotmeasurement information ofthis cell and the Neighboring cellattached by the UE. These pilot measurements are performed

during cell selection of the UE. If there are many Neighboringcells of the primary cell in the

system information broadcast, the UE needs to take a long timeto measure the qualities of the

pilot signals of all the neighboring cells. Thus the user accessspeed will be lowered. So an

important task for network optimization is to reasonably planthe neighboring cell list of each

primary cell defined in the planning phase, and delete someuseless neighboring cells with the

traffic statistics tool in a specific pre-commercialapplication. For example, two cells are

neighbours to each other, with handover area. But they does nothave or have little inter-cellhandover due to the geographicobstructions such as river. Therefore, these two cells shouldnot

be neighboring cells. These factors cannot be considered in thepre-planning phase due to the

factors of map and dimensioning. So this must be optimized.

3.2.3 Doppler Frequency Shift Affecting Access Performance ofUE

The frequency shift of BS and UE are related to the radioinstruments directly. The frequency

shift of the BS is 0.05PPM (uncertain). The precision of radioinstruments have been considered

in the design, which have been defined before delivery, and mustbe changed if it is too poor.

For UMTS, the Doppler frequency shift is represented as slowshading of the channel, which

will affect the access of the UE in the mobile process. As theperformance decrease when the UE

is traveling at the speed below 20km/h can be compensated by thepower control of the system,

and the deep shading when the UE is traveling at the speed above60km/h can be remedied by

means of interleaving. This is represented by the requirement onEb/No (Refer to Chapter 15 in

Reference [5]). The performance degradation includes accessperformance degradation of the

UE. For this slow shading, the performance of the UE can be keptin high quality by means of

network planning. (As the network planning software does notsupport dynamic simulation, it is

described as a problem here.)

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Please note that, the signings such as RRC (borne by SBR) hashigher requirement on the

Eb/No than data (borne by TRB). The access procedure is mainlyfor signalling exchange, so it

requires BLER be 0%. That is, once an error occurs, thesignalling must be retransmitted (whose

QoS are guaranteed by RLC).

3.2.4 Traffic Distribution in Cell Effect on AcquisitionProbability

We can view from the message contents listed above that thesystem realized presently has

not considered the division of the ASC like emergency callservice. But in the actual

commercialization process, it is necessary to specify thecorresponding ASC strategies to ensure

the number of specific user group like emergency call usergroup. Especially for the case of high

user density, it is likely to encounter access difficulty (Forthe scenarios like squares. It may have

few people generally, but may have parties in some specificoccasion, during which the access

may be difficult due to large numbers of users. For example, thepopularization of short messagebrings unexpected pressure to theRAN directly. For the RAN itself, the short message service,

call service and Internet access service are the same, eventhough short message is a non

real-time service, but it may bring pressure to the servicesrequiring high call success rate, such

as call service and Internet access service. But this will notbe represented on traffic model).

These difficulties suffer random access, that is, the useracquisition rate is lowered by collision.

This influence is represented by the random access parameter,namely the maximum

retransmission times of the random access preamble. If themaximum retransmission times is

exceeded, it may cause access failure. This parameter directlymaps the collision of the systemon the random access.

The UE may estimate the UL Interference incorrectly due toenvironment change or different

distance to the BS, because the users at the cell border andthose at the cell center use the same

UL Interference (namely the RSSI of NodeB, which is received bythe UE in SIB7. This value is

updated once every 1s, and broadcast once every 100ms repeatedlyon the BCH. Note that 1s is

the period timer realized by the program, which cannot bemodified. The RNC can set the time

interval for repeated broadcast. When the coverage range of thecell is large, this inaccuracy will

affect the initial transmit power of the random access preamble.In addition, it will affect theparameter of Ramp step betweenpreambles will be affected as a specific acquisition rateshould

be guaranteed. Considering large traffic of short messageservice, the ramp step (2 dB at present)

will influence the uplink capacity and the access acquisitionrate (This influence degree needs to

be estimated by the whole system simulation. Huawei has notstudied to the depth for the

moment).

3.2.5 Different Clutters Affecting Open Loop Power Control

During network planning, different clutters will be covered.Refer to Reference [6]. Different

clutters may lead to different path losses, and this willdirectly influence the open loop power

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control of the initial transmission power of the random accesschannel preamble. The parameter

representing the compensation to the uplink/downlink path lossis Constant Value (-25dB at

present). The formula for calculating the initial transmissionpower is as follows:

Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH TX power CPICH_RSCP + ULinterference +Constant Value

According to the recent analysis, -25dB is a small value forConstant Value , which should be

set to -20dB or larger, so that the access threshold value canbe larger. The value of Pp_m can

be set to a small value, so as to keep the coverage, ULinterference at an optimal level.

However, in the actual environment, even though the UE estimatesthe open loop power

accurately, the actual effect of signal transmitted after theestimation of open loop power arriving

NodeB varies due to different distances between the UE and theBS and different clutter

scenarios. For example, In NodeB, the Ec/No of the staticchannel and that of the case3 channel

are -21.5, but the acquisition probability in the static channelis about 90%, and that in the case3

channel is less than 70%. Therefore, to improve the randomaccess performance, it is necessary

to consider the influence of the propagation environment on theopen loop power control, but also

consider increasing the acquisition probability.

4 Analysis Procedure for Access Procedure

Access procedure analysis can be performed after networkpre-planning and cell planningand development, so as to providereference for cell planning optimization and network

performance optimization. The following are the analysissteps:

4.1 Step 1: Knowing System Performance

It is mainly to know the operation mode of the network (that is,whether Gs interface exists

between MSC and SGSN). The relevant algorithms of RNC (such asaccess, call permission,

uplink outer loop power control, load control, etc.) and thealgorithm switch setting, as well as the

basic configuration parameters of NodeB, and basic configurationparameters of UE.

4.2 Step 2: Ensuring a Stable System

It is to ensure stable UTRAN and CN, that is to ensure theequipment of RNC and NodeB run

normally, and the transmission between them are stable, andensure the equipment of MSC,

SGSN, GGSN, HLR and VLR are stable with correct subscriberregistration information.

4.3 Step 3: Determining Neighboring cell Distribution

It is to provide PLMN, SA, RA, URA and Neighboring cell list