Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: Workbook

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ModernMANDARIN CHINESEGrammarWORKBOOK
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Routledge Modern GrammarsSeries concept and development SarahButler
Other books in the series:
Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar by Claudia Ross and Jing-hengSheng MaISBN: HB 0-415-70009-4; PB 0-415-70010-8
Modern German Grammar, Second EditionModern German GrammarWorkbook, Second Edition
Modern Spanish Grammar, Second EditionModern Spanish GrammarWorkbook, Second Edition
Modern Italian Grammar, Second EditionModern Italian GrammarWorkbook, Second Edition
Modern French Grammar, Second EditionModern French GrammarWorkbook, Second Edition
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ModernMANDARINCHINESEGrammarWORKBOOKClaudia Ross,Jing-heng ShengMa andBaozhang He
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First published 2006
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, aninforma business
2006 Claudia Ross, Jing-heng Sheng Ma and Baozhang He
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted orreproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, orother means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying andrecording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, withoutpermission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the BritishLibrary
ISBN 10: 0-415-70011-6 (pbk)
ISBN 10: 0-203-79994-1 (ebk)
ISBN 13: 9-78-0-415-70011-5 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 9-78-0-203-79994-9 (ebk)
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2006.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francisor Routledges
collection of thousands of eBooks please go towww.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
v
Contents
Introduction ixHow to use this book xi
Part A Structures 1
1 Overview of pronunciation and Pinyinromanization 3
2 Syllable, meaning, and word 4
3 The Chinese writing system: an overview 5
4 Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence 7
5 Nouns 10
6 Numbers 11
7 Specifiers and demonstratives 15
8 Classifiers 17
9 Noun phrases 20
10 Adjectival verbs 24
11 Stative verbs 26
12 Modal verbs 28
13 Action verbs 31
14 Prepositions and prepositional phrases 33
15 Adverbs 36
16 Conjunctions 38
17 The passive 39
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Part B Situations and functions 41
18 Names, kinship terms, titles, and termsof address 43
19 Introductions 45
20 Greetings and goodbyes 47
21 Basic strategies for communication 49
22 Telecommunications and e-communications:telephones, theinternet, beepers, and faxes 51
23 Negating information 53
24 Asking questions and replying to questions 55
25 Expressing identification, possession,and existence 61
26 Describing people, places, and things 64
27 Describing how actions are performed 66
28 Indicating result, conclusion, potential,and extent 69
29 Making comparisons 74
30 Talking about the present 79
31 Talking about habitual actions 82
32 Talking about the future 84
33 Indicating completion and talkingabout the past 87
34 Talking about change, new situations,and changing situations92
35 Talking about duration and frequency 96
36 Expressing additional information 100
37 Expressing contrast 102
38 Expressing sequence 106
39 Expressing simultaneous situations 109
40 Expressing cause and effect or reasonand result 112
CONTENTS
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41 Expressing conditions 116
42 Expressing both, all, every, any, none,not any, and no matterhow 118
43 Expressing location and distance 122
44 Talking about movement, directions, andmeans oftransportation 125
45 Talking about clock time and calendar time 128
46 Expressing obligations and prohibitions 133
47 Expressing commands and permission 135
48 Expressing ability and possibility 138
49 Expressing desires, needs, preferences,and willingness141
50 Expressing knowledge, advice, and opinions 143
51 Expressing fear, worry, anxiety, and bad news 146
52 Expressing speaker attitudes and perspectives 148
53 Topic, focus, and emphasis 150
54 Guest and host 155
55 Giving and responding to compliments 156
56 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction 158
57 Expressing gratitude and responding toexpressions ofgratitude 160
58 Invitations, requests, and refusals 162
59 Expressing apologies, regrets, and sympathy 165
60 Expressing congratulations and good wishes 167
Answer key 169Index 261
Contents
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Introduction
Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is a companion toModernMandarin Chinese Grammar and is designed to help you tostrengthen yourcommand of Mandarin Chinese. It can be usedalongside a Chinese languagetextbook in a regular language program,or as review material for self study.The Answer Key at the end ofthe book allows you to check your answersas you work through theexercises. Exercises in the Workbook are graded interms of level ofdifficulty, making the book appropriate for near-beginners aswellas Mandarin learners at the advanced level in a high school oruniversityprogram. Instructions are written in English, and allexercises are presented insimplified and traditional characters andPinyin romanization.
The Workbook focuses on the major structural patterns andcommunicationstrategies used in Mandarin Chinese. Exercisesfocusing on structure arepresented in Part A Structures and thosefocusing on communication arepresented in Part B Situations andfunctions. Since successful communicationis built in part onstructural accuracy, there is overlap between the twosections. Werecommend that as you work on situations and functions inPart B,you also practice the related structure exercises in Part A. Forexample,when working on Chapters 43 Expressing location anddistance and 44Talking about movement, directions, and means oftransportation, youshould also work through the structure exercisesinvolving prepositions inPart A. Use the table of contents to findexercises for specific structures orgeneral communication tasks.Consult the Index for exercises focusing onspecific topics such asillness, or the weather, or reciting telephone numbers.Follow thecross-references to Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar forexplanationsabout structure and usage.
Chinese language study is an interesting journey. We hope thatModernMandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook and Modern Mandarin ChineseGrammarare helpful in your navigation, and wish you enjoyment andsuccess as youdevelop your language skills.
Claudia RossJing-heng Sheng Ma
Baozhang HeDecember 2005
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How to use this book
We have written this book as a companion to Modern MandarinChineseGrammar to provide practice with the major structures andfunctions ofMandarin Chinese. Use it to strengthen your grammaticalskills and yourability to communicate in Mandarin.
The presentation of material follows the order of presentationin ModernMandarin Chinese Grammar. You can work on the chapters inany order,selecting chapters that focus on the structures andfunctions that addressyour specific needs.
This Workbook is divided into two parts. Part A focuses onstructures. If youwant to focus on basic structures such as theformation of numbers, or nounmodification, or the phrase order ofthe Mandarin sentence, you should selectexercises in Part A. Part Aalso includes some practice with Pinyinromanization, and someactivities involving Chinese characters that will helpyou to use aChinese dictionary. Part B, Situations and functions, focusesoncommunication. When you want to practice giving an opinion, orpolitelyrefusing a request, or talking about the past, you shouldselect exercises fromPart B. You can work on related structures asyou practice communicativetasks. For example, when practicingtalking about the past you may wish toconsult the chapters on verbsin Part A.
The exercises in each chapter are graded according to level ofdifficulty.One star (*) exercises are the easiest and targetdiscrete language structuresor functions. Two star (**) exercisesare more challenging, and three star(***) exercises provide thegreatest level of challenge in the book, typicallyfocusing onlanguage functions and incorporating many differentgrammaticalstructures.
Each exercise in the Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook isfollowedby one or more numbers indicating the section(s) of theGrammar in whichthe relevant structures or functions are discussed.For example, the number30.2 following an exercise indicates thatthe exercise targets the materialpresented in Chapter 30, section2. You should study the presentation inthe Grammar beforecompleting the relevant activities in the Workbook.
This Workbook includes an alphabetical Index to help you tolocate exercisesthat focus on particular structures or functions.The numbers following eachitem in the Index indicate the sectionsof the Workbook in which activitiesare presented.
Finally, an Answer Key is provided at the end of the book. Checkthe answerkey only after you have completed each activity!
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1
Part A
Structures
2
STRUCTURES
3
1Overview of pronunciationand Pinyin romanization
1 Put the tone mark over the appropriate vowel.
a. xian (1) e. tou (2)b. bie (2) f. huai (4)c. xuan (3) g. chui(1)d. yue (4) h. zao (3)
1.2.12 Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate thechanged tones in
natural speech.
Example: nm hko n hko
a. Xiao Lcb. we ba yczic. Nc ydu gdu ma?d. Wd hbn hao.e. Tf ybxiang mai bc.f. wd xiang mai shj.g. Tf ydu jie g pngyou.h. weshwebbn shj
1.1.33 Correct the Pinyin spelling for each of the followingwords and syllables.
a. kwai f. eb. uan g. shueshengc. pengyow h. jungguod. quian i.hsiaoe. dwo j. iao
1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2.2
4
STRUCTURES
2Syllable, meaning, and word
1 Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate the changedtones innatural speech.
Example: yr tio y tio
a. yh tio l f. yh g rnb. b ti gu g. yh sh hufrc. yh kui qin h.yh hngd. yh mn k i. yh b dinycnge. yh sud fngzi j. b cu
2.3
5
3The Chinese writing system:an overview
1 Using a traditional character dictionary as your reference,circle the radical ineach of the following characters.
Example:
a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e.
3.2.12 Using a simplified character dictionary as yourreference, circle the radical in
each of the following characters.
a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e.
3.2.13 Indicate the total number of strokes in each of thefollowing characters.
Example: = 7
a. e. b. f. c. g. d.
3.4
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STRUCTURES
4 Consult a dictionary to find the simplified character thatcorresponds to eachof the following traditional characters. Writeeach simplified character besidethe corresponding traditionalcharacter.
Example: =
a. f. b. g. c. h. d. i. e. j.
3.15 Look up the following characters in a dictionary andidentify the shared
pronunciation in each group. Arrange the characters according totheircommon phonetic.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
3.2.2
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4Phrase order in theMandarin sentence
1 Underline the main verb and bracket the main nouns (the onesthat serve assubject and direct object) in the following Mandarinsentences.
Example: []==[]=[ ][] [] [ ][Tp] gli [wn] [yr bln sht].[He] gave(gives) [me] [one book].
a. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(
Wd zutifn ggn pngyou chh le wefn.Yesterday I ate lunch withfriends.
b. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Wd de ddi mbitifn kn dinsh.My younger brother watches televisionevery day.
c. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(
Zhinggu de dxushgng yb shng wang ma?Do Chinese universitystudents also surf the web?
d. !"#$%&'!( !"#$%&'!(
Chng lc de shjdin ydu hbn dui wigu shj.The bookstore in the cityhas a lot of foreign books.
e. !"#$%&'()*+ !"#$%&'()*+
Wd jhntifn xiwe zi gingyun de mnkdu dbng nc.Ill wait for you atthe park gate this afternoon.
4.1
8
STRUCTURES
2 Underline the prepositional phrases in the following Mandarinsentences.
Example: !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Tp gqn tp de nu pngyou chrwknfn.He eats dinner with his girlfriend.
a. !"#$ !"#$
Wd gbi nainai xib le xn.I wrote a letter to my grandma.
b. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'
Wd du xhnlcxu hbn ydu xngq.I am very interested inpsychology.
c. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'
Wd hbn xchuan ggn pngyou q wn.I really like to go out with myfriends.
d. !"#$%& '()*+ !"#$%& '()*+
Yoshi nc mng, wd kyc t nc zu zh jin sh.If you are busy I can dothat for you.
e. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'
Nc shnme shhu do wd jif li?When are you coming to my house?
4.33 The following sentences and phrases include time whenexpressions,
location expressions, and prepositional phrases. Rewrite theMandarinsentences, putting the phrases in the correct order toconvey the meaningsin the English translations.
a. !"#$%!&' !"#$%!&'
Wd xu le Zhingwn qnin zi Zhinggu.I studied Chinese last year inChina.
b. !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*
Mbitifn diu wd pngdo tf zi xusheng zhingxhn.I run into him everyday in the student center.
c. !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*
Nc xiang jihjn ggn shnme yng de rn jifngli?What kind of persondo you plan to marry in the future?
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d. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()
Tf da le dinhu zutifn wanshang gbi wd.Last night he phonedme.
e. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()
Ggn tf tf qcng wd q kn dinycng lcbi li.He invited me to go see amovie with him on Saturday.
4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence
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STRUCTURES
5Nouns
1 Complete these sentences with the appropriate pronouns tomatch theEnglish translations.
a. __________ !"#$%&'(__________ !"#$%&'(__________ dbixiang bnfa jibju zhge wnt.We should think of a way to solve thisproblem.
b. __________ __________ __________ __________ !__________ xiangqcng __________ chh wanfn.We want to invite you to dinner.
c. __________ !"#$%&'__________ !"#$%&'__________ de sshl tshjguan hbn jn.Her dorm is close to the library.
d. __________ ! ____________________ __________ ____________________ !=____________________ __________ __________ __________yhnggfi bfngzh _________ . _________ sh_________ _________ deddi.You should help him. He is your own younger brother.
e. __________ __________ Zh sh __________ de shj.These are mybooks.
5.2
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6Numbers
1 Write these numbers in Chinese.
Example: 72 a. 6 e. 23b. 15 f. 84c. 11 g. 55d. 36 h. 97
6.12 Rewrite these phone numbers in Chinese characters andPinyin.
a. 6505-7823 d. 032-457-7639b. 781-283-2191 e. 852-2609-5498c.911 f. 8529-6688
6.1.13 Fill in the blank with r or / likng as appropriate.
a. __________ f. __________ __________
__________ ba yc zi __________ g xhng qhtwo chairs two weeks
b. __________ g. __________ __________ sh __________ zhfngzhuizi __________ g yutwelve tables two months
c. __________ ! h. __________ __________ !__________ sh g xushgng __________ ctwenty students two times
d. __________ i. __________ __________
__________ tifn lng dian __________two days 0.2
e. __________ j. __________ !__________ !
__________ nin __________ sfn bai kui qintwo years two or threehundred dollars
6.1
12
STRUCTURES
4 Complete the table by writing the Arabic numerals in Chineseand theChinese numbers as Arabic numerals.
Arabic numerals Chinese numbers
a. 1,276b. !"#$%
!"#$%
sfnwn weqifn libai sfnshsc. 256,758d. !"
!"
jiebai li sh wne. 1,893,683f. 3,027g. !"#
!"#
sfnsh qh wn lng sfnsh weh. 279,005i. !"#$ %
!"#$ %
sfnbai lng qh wn jieqifn lng yhj. !"#$% &"
!"#$% &"
liqifn libai rsh wn jieqifn sfnbai bfsh
6.2
5 Complete the table by adding the corresponding ordinal numbersin Englishand Mandarin.
English ordinal Mandarin ordinal
a. 20thb.
d jiec. 3rdd.
d shqhe.
d yhf. 12thg. 48thh. !
d sfnshli
6.4
13
6 Complete the table, expressing the Mandarin phrases in Englishand theEnglish phrases in Mandarin.
English Chinese
a. 50 more or lessb. !
!
liang bai ycxic. almost 100d. !"
!"
liang sfn g xushenge. nine or ten studentsf. less than 10g.!
wesh ycshngh. more than a month
6.57 Complete the table by adding the corresponding fractionsand percentages in
Mandarin and English.
English Mandarin
a. 5/8b. !
sfn fgn zhhyhc. .75d. !"
bai fgn zhh sfnshe. 8.33f.
lng dian lng lng sfng. 4/5h. !
qh fgn zhh yh
6.68 Put bn in the right location in each phrase to expressthe
English meaning.
Example: 31/2 minutes spn fqn bn
a. 91/2 hours [/ zhingtu hour]b. 11/2 cups of coffee [ kffgicoffee; / bgi cup]c. 1/2 month [ yu month]
Numbers
14
STRUCTURES
d. 11/2 monthse. 1/2 year [ nin year]f. 31/2 yearsg. 1/2 bookh.21/2 semesters [/ xuqh semester]i. 31/2 bowls of rice [ wan bowl]j.1/2 glass of beer [ pjie beer]
6.6.49 Here is the original price and the discount. Compute thefinal price.
Example: 100 yun 1 zh 10 yun
Original price Discount Final price
a. 30 yun 9 zh
b. 160 yun 8 zh
c. 80 yun 5 zh
d. 500 yun 2 zh
e. 1000 yun 7.5 zh
f. 24000 yun 6 zh
6.6.6
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7Specifiers anddemonstratives
1 Fill in each blank with a specifier from the following list tocomplete eachsentence according to its English translation.
/ zh, / zhr, / zhlm n, / nr, /=nlm/ nkr, / nlm
a. __________ !__________ !__________ sh wd de, __________ sh ncde.This is mine, that is yours.
b. ! __________ Nc zhium q __________ le?Where did you go thisweekend?
c. !"#$%& __________ !"#$%& __________ Nc zhhdo wd deZhingwn shj zi __________ ma?Do you know where my Chinese bookis?
d. __________ !"#$%&'()*__________ !"#$%&'()*__________sh wd jhntifn mai de zdian, hbn b cu.This is the dictionary Ibought today. Its not bad.
e. ! __________ !"#$%&' ! __________ !"#$%&'Qcng wn, zi__________ kyc maido Zhingguo de yupio?Excuse me, where can you buystamps for China?
f. !"#$%&' __________ !" !"#$%&' __________ !"Xi k ychuwdmen diu q xiao Zhfng __________, nc q ma?After class we are allgoing to Xiao Zhangs. Are you going?
g. __________ !"#$%!&'()*+,__________!"#$%!&'()*+,__________ hbn fnjng, dffng yb hbn d, nc kycbfnguli.It is very peaceful here and also spacious. You can movein.
16
STRUCTURES
h. __________ !"#$%& __________ __________ !"#$%&__________ __________ sh shi de dinnao? Zbnme fng zi __________le?Whose computer is this? Why is it here?
i. __________ __________ !"#$ __________ ! __________ __________!"#$ __________ !Nc __________ bc wd __________ fnjng. Wdmen q nc__________ xux ba.Your place is more peaceful than mine. Lets go toyour place to study.
j. !"#$ __________ __________ !"#$ __________ __________ Qcngwn, tshjguan zi __________, l __________ yuan ma?Excuse me, whereis the library? Is it far from here?
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8Classifiers
1 Rewrite these noun phrases, putting the specifiers, numbers,classifiers, andnouns in the correct order.
Example: !" !" !" !"n xusheng spn g n spn g xusheng
a. !"
!"
zh zhuizi liang zhfngthese two desks
b. !" !"
zh jioshu sfn withese three professors
c. !" !"
liang shufng n xizithose two pairs of shoes
d. !"pjie n png sthose four bottles of beer
e. !"# !"#
n Zhingwn sfn bbn shjthose three Chinese books
f. !" !"
moyh zh jin liangthese two sweaters
g. !"#$ !"#$
zh liang g xusheng Yhngguthese two English students
18
STRUCTURES
h. !"# !"#
s wnxu n k mnthose four literature classes
8.12 Select the appropriate classifier from the following listto complete each of the
following noun phrases.
/ zhpng, jin, bk, / g, / tio, zhr, bln
a. __________ [notebook]yh __________ bbnzi
b. __________ [river] __________ liang __________ h
c. __________ __________ sfn __________ Mbigu rn
d. __________ [chair]s __________ yczi
e. __________ [table] __________ liang __________ zhuizi
f. __________ [photograph]sh __________ zhopin
See Also
Parents: Parenting News & Advice for Moms and Dads - TODAY.com 12 Days in Taiwan Travel Guide - Itinerary to Explore the Entire Island Search results | Borough Council of King's Lynn & West Norfolk True and Surprising Stories of People Who Encountered Extremely Entitled Parents
g. __________ [ pencil] __________ sfn __________ qifnbc
h. __________ [clothing]yh __________ yhf
i. __________ [trousers] __________ yh __________ kzi
j. __________ [dictionary]yh __________ zdian
8.23 Rewrite these prices in Chinese.
Example: $34.56 !"#$ !"#$spnshs kui wo mo li
a. $13,459 d. $450.02b. $2,850 e. $1,222c. $.75 f.$96.457.45
6, 8.5
19
4 4 Rewrite these prices in Arabic numerals.
Example: !"#$ $34.56 !"#$spnshs kui wo mo li
a. !"#$ !"#$jieshsfn kui bf mo yh
b. !"#$ !s sh we kui lng sfn fgn
c. bf kui yh
d. !"#$% !"#$%liang qifn qh bai lng sfn kui qin
e. !"li kui lng jie fgn
f. li mo li fgn
8.5
Classifiers
20
STRUCTURES
9Noun phrases
1 Insert de following each modifier in these noun phrases wherepossible.
Example: !" !"#wn pngyou xiognu wn de pngyou de xiognumy friendspuppy
a. ! !
zh sfn bbn shjthese three books
b. !"#$% !"#$%
we bbn hbn ydu ysh xiaoshuifive very interesting novels
c. !"#$% !"#$%
we zhfng hbn pinyi fgijh piofive very cheap airplane tickets
d. !"# !"#
n tio lns kzithat pair of blue trousers
e. !" !"
n mn Zhingwn kthat Chinese class
f. !"#$%n li ba hbn pioliang yczithose six pretty chairs
g. !"#$%& !"#$%&
yh png wesh kui qin ptao jieone $50 bottle of wine
9.1, 9.2
21
2 Put these words in the correct order to form Mandarin nounphrases thatexpress the English translations.
a. !"# !"#
we qifnbc wd zhh demy five pencils
b. !"# !"#
wd de pngyou yh ga friend of mine
c. !"# !"#
liang g tf de tngxutwo classmates of his
d. !"#$
!"#$
sfn wi de laoshh wdmenour three teachers
e. !"
!"
s bbn shj wd demy four books
f. !"#
yczi n ba tf dethat chair of his
g. !"#$%
!"#$%
n7 hizi de xchuan l7yua girl who likes to travel
h. !"#$%
!"#$%
liang zhfng fgijh pio de hbn gutwo expensive airplanetickets
i. !"#$%&
!"#$%&
n wi de hbn gfo laoshh Dwnthat tall German language teacher
j. !" #
hbn hao de pngyou de wda good friend of mine
Noun phrases
22
STRUCTURES
k. !"#$%
!"#$%
moyh yhjin de hung ynsa yellow sweater
l. !"#$%
!"#$%
Zhinggu dt yhkui qin de
a $1 Chinese map
5.1, 9.1, 9.23 Translate the following into English.
a. !"#
!"#
Shi de Zhingwn shj?
b. !"#$ !"#$
Shi xib de Zhingwn shj?c. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(
Nc shnme shhu mai de Zhingwn shj?d. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'
Nc zi nar mai de Zhingwn shj?e. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Ma laoshh xib de na bbn shj?f. !"#$% !"#$%
Nc xchuan de shnme shj?g. !"# !"#
Duishao qin de shj?
9.2.14 Translate these noun phrases into Chinese.
a. these three books f. these newspapersb. those two students g.this pair of pantsc. those five pens h. these three chairsd. theseten notebooks i. those five deskse. this piece of paper j. thatman
5.1, 9.1, 9.2.1
23
5 Translate these noun phrases into Mandarin.
a. three people who study Chineseb. the movie that I sawyesterdayc. Chinese characters that I can writed. the man who wastalking with youe. the man who was talking with you this morningf.the man who was talking with you in the cafeteria this morningg.the shoes that I boughth. the shoes that I bought in Italy
9.2.1.5, 9.2.1.6, 9.2.1.7, 9.4
Noun phrases
24
STRUCTURES
10Adjectival verbs
1 Ask yesno questions using these subjects and adjectivalverbs.
Example: ! or ! !
Nm li. Nm li b li? Nm li ma?
a. Tf mng.Hes busy.
b. !"#$ !"#$
N bbn shj ydu ysi.That book is interesting.
c. !" !"
Fgijh pio gu.Airplane tickets are expensive.
d. !"#$[ shqing situation / fz] !"#$
N jin shqing fz.That situation is complicated.
e. !"#$%Tf de nn pngyou hao kn.Her boyfriend is goodlooking.
f. !" !"
Tfmen yngging.They are hardworking.
g. ! !
Tf ydu qin.He is rich.
25
h. !" !"
N ling chg kui.That car is fast.
10.22 Answer no to each of the questions you have formed in (1)above.
10.23 Describe Wng Mng in Mandarin using intensifiers and theadjectival
verbs provided. The Mandarin translations of the adjectivalverbs followeach sentence.
Example: He is somewhat lazy. !" !"Tp xipngdpng lkn.
a. He is very tall. [ gfo]b. He is extremely good looking. [shui]c. He is rather smart. [/ cingming]d. He is too fat. [ png]e.He is quite polite. [/ kqi]f. He is really interesting. [ yduysh]
10.34 =Zhiu L exceeds Wng Mng in every property listed below.Describe
Zhiu L and Wng Mng, using the example as your model.
Example: kui fast !"#$%!"Wng Mng hln kui. Zhsu L gng kui.
a. / cingming smartb. ydu bbnshi talentedc. / shui handsomed. /hqi nice
10.3, 10.5
Adjectival verbs
26
STRUCTURES
11Stative verbs
1 Negate these sentences.
Example: !" !"# !" !"#Wn xmhuan tp. Wn b xmhuan tp.
a. !"#$ !"#$
Tf xiang chh Zhinggu fn.He wants to eat Chinese food.
b. !"#Tf p mshgng rn.He is very afraid of strangers.
c. !"#$Wd ddng tf de ysi.I understand what he means.
d. !"#$%&!" !"#$%&!"
Wd hbn i tf. Wd yunyi ji gbi tf. (negate both sentences)I lovehim. I am willing to marry him.
e. !
Tf xing tf yye.He resembles his grandfather.
11.12 Introduce !/ ! Miss Zhfng Xiaochjn in completeMandarin
sentences including the following information.
a. family nameb. given namec. age: 18 years oldd. occupation:student, studies at the universitye. possessions: doesnt have acar, has a catf. likes history a lot
27
g. fears dogsh. really wants to go to China
11.1, 11.2, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.73 Complete each sentence withsh, xng, ynu, or zi as appropriate.
a. __________ !"# __________ !"#Tshjguan __________ gingyun debbibifn.The library is north of the park.
b. ! __________ !"#$ ! __________ !"#$Tshjguan lc __________ hbndui wiwn zdian.In the library there are a lot of foreign languagedictionaries.
c. __________ __________ Tf __________ Zhfng.Her name isZhang.
d. __________ ! __________ !Tf __________ Zhfng xiozhang.She isPrincipal Zhang.
e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Tf __________ tf de bngingsh.Sheis in her office.
f. ! __________ ! __________ Zh bbn shj hbn __________ ysi.Thisbook is very interesting.
g. __________ !"# __________ !"#$%& __________ !"#__________ !"#$%&Zh bbn shj __________ wd de. Yoshi nc__________ xngq wd kyc ji gbi nc.This book is mine. If you areinterested I can loan it to you.
11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7
Stative verbs
28
STRUCTURES
12Modal verbs
1 Fill in the blank with / hu, nng, or kym as appropriate.
a. __________ __________ Mngtifn __________ b __________ xixub?Will it snow tomorrow?
b. !" __________ !" __________ Nc xiang tf mngtifn __________ lima?Do you think she will come tomorrow?
c. __________ __________ !" __________ __________ !"Nc__________ b __________ pao malfsing?Are you able to run amarathon?
d. __________ __________ !"Nc __________ b __________ da Zhingwnz?Can you type in Chinese?
e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd __________ ji nc de chgma?Can I borrow your car?
f. __________ __________ !" __________ __________ !"Nc__________ b __________ bfng wd de mng?Can you help me?
g. __________ !" __________ !"Wd __________ kn dinsh ma?Can Iwatch television?
h. __________ !" __________ !"Nc __________ shui Fye ma?Can youspeak French?
12.1, 12.2, 12.3
29
2 Select the most appropriate expression of obligation orprohibition from thefollowing list to complete each sentence.
/ yrnggpi, / yrngdpng, dli, bdli, /=bxt, / b yrnggpi, b b, /=bxo
a. !"# __________ ! !"# __________ !Ncmen jhntifn wanshang__________ zu gingk.You dont have to do homework tonight.
b. __________ !"#$%&'() __________ !"#$%&'()Nc__________ mbitifn wanshang shu bf g xiaosh de jio.You should sleepfor eight hours every night.
c. __________ D !" __________ !"#$Nc __________ chhzhe dingxishui hu.You shouldnt talk while eating.
d. __________ !"#$%&'( __________ !"#$%&'(Nc __________bfyu rsh r ycqin f xufi.You have to pay tuition by August 20th.
e. __________ !" __________ !"Nc __________ mashng hu jif.Youmust go home immediately.
f. __________ !" __________ !"Nc __________ kn n bbn shj.Youdont have to read that book.
g. __________ !"# __________ !"#Nc __________ zi zhr tng chg.Youcannot park here.
h. ! __________ ! __________ Nc zi fnguan __________ chiuyfn.You cannot smoke in the restaurant.
12.4, 12.5
Modal verbs
30
STRUCTURES
3 Complete each sentence to match the English translation byadding theappropriate expression of obligation and prohibition.
Example: !"#$% !"#$%&'( !"#$% !"#$%&'(qmng nm de pngyouNm yrnggpi qmng nm de pngyou chrchr wknfn wknfn.
You should invite your friends to dinner.a. !" !"
du laoshh kqiYou should be polite to your teachers.
b. ! !
mbitifn shng kYou have to attend class every day.
c. !"#$ !"#$
mbitifn wanshang xu ZhingwnYou ought to study Chinese everynight.
d. !"#$ !"#$
mai yh bbn Zhingwn zdianYou must buy a Chinese dictionary.
e. !" !"
kn nge dinycngYou dont have to see that movie.
12.4, 12.54 Express these obligations and prohibitions inMandarin.
a. You should eat breakfast every morning.b. You must lock thedoor. [/=sud mn to lock the door]c. You should not drink too muchcoffee.d. You should not read other peoples letters.e. You do nothave to wait for me.f. You have to find a job.g. You dont have togo home early.h. You are not permitted to smoke in a hospital.
12.4, 12.5
31
13Action verbs
1 Complete these sentences by adding / guo or le according totheEnglish translation.
a. __________ !" __________ __________ !" __________ Wd q__________ Zhinggu, mi q __________ Rbbn.Ive been to China, Ihavent been to Japan.
b. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd q __________ yhc mtui chg.Iveridden on a motorcycle once before.
c. !" __________ !"#$%&' !" __________ !"#$%&'Wdmenycjing kn __________ nge dinycng, b yo zi kn.Weve seen that moviebefore. We dont have to see it again.
d. !" __________ !" __________ Wd cngli mi hg __________ jie.Ivenever drunk alcohol before.
e. !" __________ !" !" __________ !"Tf ggn tf pngyou tn__________ yh g xiaosh.He and his friends talked for an hour.
f. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd chh __________ yhc Rbbnfn.Ive eaten Japanese food once.
g. !" __________ !" __________ Nc dxu by __________ mi ydu?Haveyou graduated from university?
32
STRUCTURES
h. ! __________ ! __________ Wd gfng chhwn __________ wanfn.Ivejust finished eating dinner.
13.1, 13.2, 33.1, 33.62 Describe Zhiu Ls day in completeMandarin sentences, using le or
mi as appropriate.
a. He didnt eat breakfast.b. He went to class.c. He studied inthe library.d. He ate lunch.e. He didnt see his girlfriend.f. Hesaw a movie.g. He went to the bookstore.h. He didnt buy a book.
13.1, 13.3.2, 33.1, 33.33 Zhiu L asked his friends what they didlast night. Translate their answers
into Mandarin. Be sure to include the object of the verb in yourtranslations.
!"#$%&'()*
!"#$%&'()*
Zhiu L: Nc zutifn wanshang zu le shnme?
Example: =xiao Gui: I danced. !"Wn tio wo le.
a. Xiao Wng: I read.b. Xiao Gfo: I sang.c. Xiao Mo: I studied.d.Xiao Ln: I painted.e. Xiao H: I talked with friends.f. Xiao Lc: Islept.
13.4.2
33
14Prepositions andprepositional phrases
1 Complete each sentence by supplying the appropriatepreposition.
a. !"#$ __________ ! !"#$ __________ !Chn laoshh ydu sh. Zhfnglaoshh __________ tf jifo k.Teacher Chen had something to do.Teacher Zhang taught class for her.
b. !" __________ !" __________ Cng ssh mnkdu __________ nnzdu.Go south from the entrance to the dormitory.
c. __________ !" __________ !"Nc yhnggfi __________ kren hbnkqi.You should be polite to guests.
d. __________ !" __________ !"Bi __________ wd kfi wnxio.Dontplay a joke on me.
e. __________ !"#$%& __________ !"#$%&Wd __________hunjng baoh hbn ydu xngq.I am very interested in environmentalprotection.
f. __________ !"#$ __________ !" __________ !"#$ __________ !"Tf__________ jif chh fn, b yunyi __________ fnguan q chh fn.He eatsat home. He isnt willing to go to a restaurant to eat.
g. __________ !"# __________ !"#Nc __________ tf shui leshnme?What did you say to her?
34
STRUCTURES
h. !" __________ !" __________ Tf zhn zi mnkdu __________ wikn.He stands at the doorway looking out.
14.2
2 Rewrite each sentence to include the prepositional phrase.
Example: !"[with friends] !"#$%Wn tio wo le. Wn gqn pngyou tiowo le.
a. !"#[to my friend] !"#
Wd da dinhu le.I called my friend.
b. !"#$[to her house]
!"#$
Tf qcng wd li chh fn.She invited me to come to her house toeat.
c. !"[at the library]
!"
Wd nin shj le.I studied at the library.
d. !"#$[from the library]Wd do tf jif q le.I went from thelibrary to her house.
e. !"[for her]
!"
Wd mai le tng.I bought her candy.
f. !"#$[to me]
!"#$
Tf jisho tf de fme.She introduced me to her parents.
g. !"#$%&[with her]
!"#$%&
Huli, wd kn le dinycng.Afterwards, I saw a movie with her.
h. !"#$[in the study]
!"#$
Wdmen kn le dinycng.We watched the movie in the study.
14.1, 14.2
35
3 Introduce the new English teacher to your classmates. Use apreposition ineach sentence except (a).
a. Say that this is our new teacher.b. Say that you want tointroduce him to you.c. He has just come from the United States.d.Say that he is teaching English at our school this year.e. Say thathe is very interested in Chinese culture.f. Say that he wants totravel everywhere [ g d everywhere].g. Say that he also hopes tointeract with Chinese people. [/ liwang
to interact]
14.1, 14.2
Prepositions and prepositional phrases
36
STRUCTURES
15Adverbs
1 Complete these sentences by filling in the blanks with yl,dsu,/ hi, ji, zhm, or ci.
a. !"#$%__________ !"# !"#$%__________ !"#Xiao Wng hu shuiYhnggu hu, __________ hu shui Rbbn hu.Little Wang can speak Englishand he can also speak Japanese.
b. !" __________ !"# !" __________ !"#Tf qgu Yhnggu __________mi qgu Rbbn.He has been to England but he has not yet been toJapan.
c. ! __________ !"# ! __________ !"#Tf zi Yhnggu __________ zhle yh g yu.He has only lived in England for a month.
d. !"#$ __________ ! !"#$ __________ !Tf shui Yhnggu, Rbbn__________ ydu ysh.He says that England and Japan are bothinteresting.
e. !"#$ __________ !"#$ !"#$ __________ !"#$Rbbn rn hu xib Hn z__________ hu kn Zhingwn bozhc.Japanese people can write Chinesecharacters and they can read Chinesenewspapers.
f. !"#$__________ !" !"#$__________ !"Yhngwn b yng Hn z,__________ yng Luma z.English does not use Chinese characters, itonly uses the Roman alphabet.
g. __________ !"# __________ !"#$Tf __________ xu le liang gwiye.He has only studied two foreign languages.
h. !" __________ !"# !" __________ !"#Tf shng le zhingxu__________ kfishc xu Yhngwn.When he started middle school he beganto study English.
37
i. !"# __________ !"# !"# __________ !"#Tf shng dxu ychu__________ kfishc xu Rwn.Only after he started college did he beginto study Japanese.
j. !"#$%&' ( __________ !" !"#$%&' ( __________ !"Rbbnrn xchuan l7yu. Yhnggu rn b __________ xchuan l7yu.Japanese peoplelike to travel. Not all English people like to travel.
152 Xiao Lc is a high school student in China who is beinginterviewed
because of his excellent foreign language skills. Translate hisreplies intoMandarin, using an adverb in each sentence. Translatethe interviewersquestions into Mandarin.
a. Interviewer: What foreign languages do you study?Xiao Li: Istudy English and I also study Japanese.
b. Interviewer: How old are you?Xiao Li: I am only 16 yearsold.
c. Interviewer: Have you ever been to a foreign country?Xiao Li:Not yet. I have still not left China.
d. Interviewer: Do you plan to go abroad?Xiao Li: Yes. After Igraduate, only then will I have the chance to goabroad.
e. Interviewer: Where will you go?Xiao Li: I plan to go toEngland and I plan to go to the United States.
f. Interviewer: Will you also go to Japan?Xiao Li: After I go toEngland and the United States I plan to go to Japan.
15
Adverbs
38
STRUCTURES
16Conjunctions
1 Pick the appropriate conjunction from the following list tocomplete eachsentence: h/ gqn, / hishi, huzhl.
a. __________ !"#$%&'( __________ !"#$%&'(Zqi du__________ wangqi du, jhntifn diu ydu bcsi.The soccer team and thetennis team both have competitions today.
b. !"#$ __________ !" !"#$ __________ !"Nc yo kn zqi bcsi__________ wangqi bcsi?Would you rather watch the soccer game orthe tennis match?
c. ! __________ !"#$%&'( ! __________ !"#$%&'(Zqi bcsi__________ wangqi bcsi, wd diu yunyi kn.Ill watch either the soccergame or the tennis match.
d. ! __________ ! ! __________ !Nc da bngqi __________ dawangqi?Do you play soccer or tennis?
e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Bngqi __________ wangqi wd diuda.I play both soccer and tennis.
f. __________ !"#$%& __________ !"#$%&Mbigu rn__________ Yhnggu rn diu th zqi ma?Do Americans and English bothplay soccer?
g. !"# __________ !" !"# __________ !"Mbigu rn th zqi __________Mbish zqi.Americans play soccer and American football.
h. !" #$%&'() __________ ! !" #$%&'() __________!Mngtifn de tifnq hao de hu, wdmen da wangqi __________ th zqi.Ifthe weather is good tomorrow, lets play soccer or tennis.
16
39
17The passive
1 Little Wang has had a bad day. These are the things that havehappened tohim. Express these situations in the passive form as inthe example.
Example: subject verb object /Hizi chrwn le bmnggpn.The childrenate up the cookies.Passive: !"#$%&
!"#$%&Bmnggpn rng hizi chrwn le.The cookies were eaten up bythe children.
subject verb objecta. !
Tf de tngwj dap le tidgngHis roommate broke the desk lamp.
b. ! !
Xiaotiu tiuzdule tf de dinnaoThe thief stole his computer.
c. ! ! !
Tf de pngyou nngdij le tf de yoshiHis friend lost his keys.
d. !"Tf de gdu chhdio tf de sfnmngzhHis dog ate up hissandwich.
e.
Tf ynghui zdianHe used until ruined the dictionary.
f. !" !"
Rnjif pnghui le tf de zxngchgSomeone hit and destroyed hisbike.
40
STRUCTURES
g. ! !
Tf de jiolin m le tfHis coach scolded him.
h. !
Mfo shp le tf de yhfuThe cat tore his clothing.
17.12 Express the situations in (1) in complete Mandarinsentences using bk.
Example: subject verb object /Hizi chrwn le bmnggpn.The childrenate up the cookies. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Hizi bk bmnggpn dsuchrwn le.
17.6, 53.2.1
41
Part B
Situationsand functions
42
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
43
18Names, kinship terms, titles,and terms of address
1 Here is the Zhao family:
Mr. Zhao / Zho xifnsheng, 45 years old.
Mrs. Zhao / Zho titai, 43 years old.
Miss Zhao Xijie / Zho Xhji, 18 years old.
Mr. Zhao Mingzhi / Zho Mngzh, 20 years old
Miss Zhao Xiqing / Zho Xhqhng, 16 years old.
Mr. Zhao Mingyi / Zho Mngy, 14 years old.
a. You are a hotel clerk.
(i) Address Mr. Zhao(ii) Address Miss Zhao Xijie
(iii) Address Mrs. Zhao
18.1, 18.3.1b. You are a good friend of Mr. Zhao, 40 years old.Address Mr. Zhao.c. You are Zhao Xijies best friend. Addressher.
18.4.1d. You are Zhao Xiqing.
(i) Address Zhao Xijie.(ii) Address Zhao Mingzhi.
e. You are Zhao Xijie. Introduce your family members to yourteacher.f. You are Zhao Xiqing. Introduce your siblings usingkinship terms.g. You are Zhao Mingyi. Introduce your siblings usingkinship terms.
18.2, 18.4.2h. You refer to someone as shjshu. Is shjshu male orfemale, and
what is shjshus age in relation to your fathers age?
i. You hear a child describing someone as nainai. Is nainai maleorfemale, and what is nainais age in relationship to the child.
18.4.2
44
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
j. You meet Miss Zhao Ailing for the first time.
(i) Ask her for her family name politely.(ii) Assume you areMiss Zhao Ailing and answer the question.(iii) Ask her for her fullname.(iv) Ask her how she would like to be addressed by you.
18.52 Provide the requested information in English based on thisname card.
!"#
!"#
Jhnshfn Guj Hufyun
Gui Mngzh
!"#$%&'() 010-6566655721 !"#$%& 010-656655521Bbijhng sh13196118888Choyng qjJingu l 21 ho
(a) name(b) phone number(c) employer(d) fax number
3 Design your own name card. (No answer is provided in theAnswer Key.)
18.6
45
19Introductions
1 Here is information about Wng Mng and Zhiu L.
Wng Mng ZhIu L student student your classmate your younger malecousin on your fathers side studies economics studies linguisticsspeaks English speaks Japanese
Introduce them to each other in an informal manner and have themgreeteach other.
You: Wng Mng: Zhiu L:
18.2.2, 19.1, 19.2
2 Introduce the famous Professor Lin ( Ln jioshu) to thefamousDr. Zhang ( / Zhfng yhshgng) in a formal manner. Havethemgreet each other formally after the introductions.
You: Ln jioshu: / Zhfng yhshgng:
19.1, 19.2
3 Zhiu L has just moved into the dormitory and has met Wng Mngfor the first time.
Complete Zhiu Ls part of the conversation in Mandarin.
Wng Mng: !"#$%&Wd sh Wng Mng, sh Shnghai rn.
Zhiu L: (a) Hi. I am Zhou Li. Im from Shandong. Wng Mng:!"#$%&'(!
!"#$%&'(!
Zhgn gfoxng. Wdmen jhnnin sh tngwj. Zhiu L: (b) Im glad to meetyou. I hope we get along and can give
each other a hand this year.
46
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Wng Mng: !"#$ !"#$
Nc sh xu shnme de? Zhiu L: (c) Im studying chemistry. Wng Mng:!
Wd yb sh. Zhiu L: (d) What a lucky coincidence!
19.1, 19.2
47
20Greetings and goodbyes
1 Match these greetings with the appropriate situation.
Greeting Situationa. !" 1 You see an acquaintance going home.!"
Li chh fn ma?b. 2 It is 7 a.m.
Lao Chn!c. !" 3 You see your professor on the subway. !"
Shng nar q?d. 4 You run into your good friend at arestaurant.
Zao.e. ! 5 You pass your neighbor on the street at noon.
Hu jif ya.f. !" 6 You are at your front door and see your !"neighbor leaving the house.Shng bfn q ma?
g. !" 7 You are at your car at 7:30 a.m. and see your !"neighbor walk by.Wng laoshh hao.
20.12 Provide the equivalent Mandarin expressions.
a. See you again.b. See you in awhile.c. See you soon.d. See youtomorrow.e. See you next week.
20.2
48
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
3 Provide the appropriate greetings and goodbyes for thefollowing letters.
a. An informal letter to your friend / Xe Wbiqing.Greeting: Asif talking to you face to faceGoodbye: Expressing good wishes for ahappy new year, Your younger brother,
/ Li Xweb. A formal letter to your teacher / Tng laoshh.
Greeting: Please read this letter.Goodbye: I respectfully extendmy good wishes with concern about your
welfare in this summer season, I bow to you. Respectfullywritten byyour student, / Zhfng Xiaochjn.
20.34 You call your friend Wng Mng on the phone. Translate yourpart of the
conversation into Chinese.
a. I am looking for Wang Ming.b. Wang Ming, long time no see [!/ ! hao jie b jin]. What
have you been busy with lately?c. You are going to Australia [!/ ! Adly]? Have a good trip.d. See you when you get back. [See ifyou can figure out how to say this.]
20.1, 20.2
49
21Basic strategies forcommunication
1 Match each phrase with its function:
Phrase Function
a. !/ ! 1 indicating that the situation is acceptablewd xiangdating
b. / 2 making a listdubuqc
c. / ! 3 formal apology before asking for assistanceqhngchu ma?or information
d. 4 making an inquiryxng.
e. / 5 describing a sequencezbnme xib?
f. 6 neutral apology before asking for assistancelr orinformation
g. / 7 inquiring about writing somethingloji
h. 8 asking for confirmationdyh
i. / 9. giving an examplernhu
21.121.5
2 Sheila is studying Chinese in Beijing and wants to go toWangfujing( =Wngfojmng) to shop. She asks a cab driver forinformation.Translate her conversation into Mandarin.
a. Sheila: Driver, sorry for bothering you. Is Wangfujing farfrom here?Driver: __________
b. Sheila: Im sorry. I didnt understand. Can you say it againplease?Driver: __________
c. Sheila: Im very sorry. Please say it again slower.Driver:__________
50
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
d. Sheila: Yes, I understand. Thank you.
21.121.5, 43.43 Write the character described by each of thefollowing phrases.
Example: ! Lu Lus wi Lu The character pronounced Lu
composed of the characters and .
NOTE This description only works for the traditional form ofthis character. The simplified form is notcomposed of and .
a. !" d xiingd de d older and younger brother younger brotherb./ !shuc sfndian shuc three dot waterc. !Lc m zc Lc wood child Lid.!Zhfng l zao Zhfng stand up early Zhange. !Chn / !Chn br ding Chnear east Chenf. ! Wng / !"#$ Wng sfn hng yh sh de Wng
three horizontal one vertical Wang
21.7
51
22Telecommunications ande-communications:telephones, theinternet,beepers, and faxes
1 Write these phone numbers in Chinese.
a. 62191074b. 13651281180c. 67179469
22.5
2 You are placing a phone call to your friend Wng Mng. You speakwithhis roommate, Zhiu L. Complete the conversations by translatingtheEnglish to Chinese.
Conversation A
Zhiu L: Wi?You: Im looking for Wang Ming. Zhiu L: !Tf b zi.You:Please tell him to return my phone call. My cell phone numberis13501327806.
Conversation B Zhiu L: Wi?You: Is Wang Ming in? Zhiu L: !Tf bzi.You: Please tell him to beep me. My beeper number is85391212.
Conversation C Zhiu L: Wi?You: Id like to speak with Wang Ming.Zhiu L: !Tf b zi.You: Okay. Ill send him a text message.
22.4
52
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
3 Solve these problems by giving advice in Mandarin.
a. The line is busy. Dial again.b. No one is picking up thephone. Leave a message.c. I dont have a computer. Go to an internetcaf to get on the web.d. How can I get in touch with you? Beepme.e. Mr. Wang is not at home. Call his cell phone.f. Where is theinformation? Open the attachment.
22.1
53
23Negating information
1 Put the negation word in the right place in the followingsentences to matchthe English translations.
Example: !"#$() !"#$% !"#$() !"#$%Wn yo gqn tp shus Wn b yo gqntp shus hu.hu. (b) I dont want to talk with him.
a. !"#$%() !"#$%()Wd yo ggn tfmen chh fn. (b)I dont want to eatwith them.
b. !"#$() !"#$()Wd thngddng tf de hu. (b)I dont understand whathe says.
c. !"#$%() !"#$%()Wd yunyi ggn tf jihjn. (b)I am not willing tomarry him.
d. !"#$%() !"#$%()Wd hi judng mai shnme. (mi)I still haventdecided what to buy.
e. !"#() !"#()Wd chng li zhlc. (b)I dont come here often.
f. !"#() !"#()Wd ggnbbn ydu qin. (mi)I have absolutely nomoney.
g. !"#$() !"#$()Wd zi cfnthng chh fn. (b)I dont eat in thecafeteria.
54
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
h. !"#$%&() !"#$%&()Wdmen diu hu shui Guangding hu.(b)None of us can speak Cantonese.
23.1, 23.2, 23.42 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, using bor mi as appropriate.
a. I dont like noodles. [/ mintio noodles]b. I dont have anyfriends.c. I didnt do my homework.d. I am not tall.e. I was notbusy yesterday.f. I havent ever heard that song before.g. Theres noone home.h. It didnt rain yesterday.i. I cant drive a car.j. Ihavent graduated from university.
23.13 Match these expressions with / w and fqi with equivalentMandarin
expressions.
a. !/ ! 1 /wln rh bxj
b. / 2 wg fgifn
c. 3 !"/ !"fgichng b guan zbnmeyng
d. 4 !fgidbi mi ydu yung
e. / 5 wbc tbi
f. (verb) 6 fgi (verb) b kb b hfa
g. 7 fgifa yhdng
23.5
55
24Asking questions andreplying to questions
1 Turn these statements into yesno questions with / ma. Becareful tochange the pronouns when appropriate. Translate yourquestions into English.
Example: !"# !"#$ !"# !"#$Wn hu shus Zhsngwn. Nm hu shus Zhsngwnma?I can speak Chinese. Can you speak Chinese?
a. !"# !"#Wd xiang q Zhinggu.I want to go to China.
b. !"#Tf ydu nn pngyou.She has a boyfriend.
c. !"#$ !"#$Wd chhgu shgngypin.Ive eaten sashimi before.
d. !"#$% !"#$%Tfmen hu shui Zhinggu hu.They can speakChinese.
e. !"# !"#Tf sh Yhnggu rn.He is English.
f. !"# !"#Wd xchuan l7xng.I like to travel.
g. !"#$% !"#$%Zhinggu rn i chng ggr.Chinese people love tosing.
56
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
h. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Tf mbitifn zi gingyun pao b.He jogs in the park every day.
24.1.1
2 Turn the statements in (1) into yesno questions withverb-not-verb structure.
Example: !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$Nm hu shus Zhsngwn ma? Nm hu b hushus
Zhsngwn?Can you speak Chinese? Can you speak Chinese?
24.1.2
3 Turn the statements in (1) into yesno questions with shfnustructure.
Example: !"#$ !"#$% !"#$ !"#$%Nm hu shus Zhsngwn ma? Nm shfnu hushus
Zhsngwn?Can you speak Chinese? Can you speak Chinese?
24.1.3
4 Reply yes to the following questions. Translate your responsesinto English.
Example: !"#$ !"# !"#$ !"#Nm qgu Zhsnggu ma? Qgu. Wn qguZhsnggu.Have you been to China? Yes. I have been to Chinabefore.
a. !"# !"#
Nc sh xusheng ma?Are you a student?
b. !"# !"#
Nc hu kfi chg ma?Can you drive a car?
c. !"#$% !"#$%
Nc hggu Zhinggu ch ma?Have you drunk Chinese tea before?
d. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Nc chhgu Bbijhng kaoyf ma?Have you eaten Beijing roast duckbefore?
57
e. !"#$% !"#$%
Nc xchuan kn dinycng ma?Do you like to watch movies?
f. !"#$ !"#$
Tibbi ydu dtib ma?Does Taipei have a subway?
g. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Guln de shfnshuc pioliang ma?Is Guilins scenery pretty?
h. !"#$% !"#$%
Nc yng kuizi chh fn ma?Do you use chopsticks to eat?
24.1.4.1
5 Reply no to each of the questions in (4).
Example: !"#$ !" #$! !"#$ !" #$!Nm qgu Zhsnggu Mi qgu. Wn miqguma? Zhsnggu.Have you been to China? No, I havent. I have neverbeen
to China.
24.1.4.2
6 Ask Wng Mng eitheror questions with / hishi about thefollowingtopics. Use the verb in parentheses for each question. Translateyourquestions into English.
Example: ( sh) / !"#$!"%Zhsnggu rn !"#$!"% / Nm sh Zhsnggu rnhishiMligu rn Mligu rn?
Are you Chinese or American?
a. (/ xchuan) Zhingcfn xhcfnK ( sh) / xusheng / laoshhc. (/ xu)!/ ! Zhinggu wnxu !/ !
Yhnggu wnxuK ( sh) !/ !=rshyh su / =rshr sue. (/ xchuan) / kndinsh !/ ! thng
shiuyhnjh [/ dinsh television / shiuyhnjh radio]f. ( shng) gfozhing / dxu
24.3
Asking questions and replying to questions
58
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
7 Re-write the following ne questions as full Mandarinquestions.
Example: !"#$%&' !"#$% !"#$%&' !"#$%Wn hu shus ZhsngguoNm hu shus Zhsngguohu. Nm ne? hu ma?
a. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Wd xchuan chh xhcfn. Nc ne?
b. !"#$% !"#$%
Wd sh xusheng. Nc ne?
c. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Wd xu Zhinggu wnxu. Nc ne?
d. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'
Wd xchuan kn dinsh. Nc ne?
e. !"#$% !"#$%Wd shng dxu. Nc ne?
f. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(Wd i kn Zhinggu dinycng. Nc ne?
g. !"#$% !"#$%Wd b chiu yfn. Nc ne?
h. !"#$%& !"#$%&Wd qgu Zhinggu. Nc ne?
24.5
8 Turn each of the following statements into a content questionin which youask about the underlined word or phrase.
Example: !"##$ !""# !""#
Tp sh Xiko Wng de ddi. Tp sh shi de ddi?He is little Wangsyounger Whose younger brother is he?brother.
a. !"#$
!"#$
Dtib pio sfn kui qin.A subway ticket is $3.
59
b. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Ggge tbi xchuan chh jiaozi.Older brother particularly likes toeat dumplings.
c. !"# !"#
Xinzi we dian zhing.Its now 5 oclock.
d. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Tf zi Mbigu zh le sh nin.He lived in America for ten years.
e. !"# !"#
Tf sh fa*gu rn.She is French. (lit.: a French person)
f. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(
Bbihai gingyun zi Dfnmn djig.Beihai Park is on DiAnmenstreet.
g. !"#$ !"#$
Wd ydu sfn g tngwj.I have three roommates.
h. !"#$%#&'() !"#$%#&'()
Wd ggn wd de pngyou yhqc zj yh g fngzi.I am renting a house withmy friends.
24.69 Place these phrases in the correct order to correspond tothe English translations.
a.
gfoggnxi wishnme b yunyi nc chufn?Why arent you willing to wearhigh heeled shoes?
b.
jcdian zhing zutifn wanshang hu jif de nc?What time did youreturn home last night?
c.
zi nar nc dxu shng?Where do you attend university?
Asking questions and replying to questions
60
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
d. ! !
duishao xusheng ydu nc de Zhingwn bfn?How many students are inyour Chinese class?
e. ! !
shnme dfang mbitifn nc zi tng chg?Where do you park your carevery day?
f.
dui yuan Bfl l Lndjn ydu?How far is it from Paris to London?
g.
jc g rn nng zhge chg zu?How many people can this car seat?
h.
jc ho jc yu jhntifn sh?What is todays day? (What is todays monthand date?)
4, 24.6, 43.410 Translate these questions into Mandarin.
a. Where do you study Chinese?b. When do you eat dinner?c. Whattime does this store open for business?d. How long have you studiedChinese?e. How many people have you invited to dinner?f. Who do youknow?g. Why do you want to see that movie?h. How many children dothey have?
24.6
61
25Expressing identification,possession, and existence
1 Complete each of the following sentences with sh, ynu, or zitobest match the English translation.
a. __________ ! __________ !Bbi H __________ gingyun lc.NorthLake is in the park.
b. __________ ! __________ !Wd jif __________ we g rn.There arefive people in my family.
c. ! __________ ! __________ Yunzi lc diu __________ huf.Thecourtyard is full of flowers.
d. __________ __________ Jhchang __________ chngwi.The airportis outside of the city.
e. __________ ! __________ !Tf __________ Zhfng laoshh.He isteacher Zhang.
f. ! __________ ! ! __________ !Wnlc Chngchng __________ Zhingguma?Is the Great Wall in China?
g. __________ !" __________ !"Chngwi __________ yh gjhchang.Outside of the city there is an airport.
62
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
h. __________ ! __________ !Chng xhbian __________ dxu chng.Thewest side of the city is the university district.
i. ! __________ !" ! __________ !"Nge dxu __________ yh wnxusheng.That university has ten thousand students.
j. __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$Dinycng yun __________tshjguan de dumin.The movie theater is right across from thelibrary.
25.1, 25.2, 25.32 Translate these noun phrases into English.
Example: ! food that dad cooked !bba zu de fn
a. !"#wd ggge de n7 pngyou
b. ! !
nc de xhn chg
c. !"#$ !"#$
wdmen de wiye laoshh
d. !! !!
hizi de mfma
e. !"#$ !"#$
wd mbitifn kn de bozhc
f. !"#$% !"#$%
hizi xchuan chh de dingxi
g. !"#$% !"#$%
hbn ydumng de dinycng mngxhng
h. !"#$hbn ydu ysh de gsh
25.2.2
63
3 Unscramble these noun phrases to correspond to their Englishtranslations.
a. !"#$%tf de n7 hizi hbn de pioliangher very prettydaughter
b. !"# !"#
kbbn de Zhingwn wdmy Chinese textbook
c. !"# !"#
nc de pngyou wiguyour foreign friends
d. !"# !"#
wd fngzi chng lc demy house in the city
e. !" # !" #
hqi de pngyou de tfher very nice friend
f. !"#$!xizi wd de hbn shjfu demy very comfortable shoes
25.2.2
Expressing identification, possession, and existence
64
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
26Describing people, places,and things
1 Describe Wng Mng in complete sentences in terms oftheseattributes.
a. 18 years oldb. a studentc. intelligentd. talle. Canadian
26.1, 26.22 Ask content questions about Wng Mng in completeChinese sentences
based on the following information. Each question should focuson theunderlined information.
Example: He studies in China. !"#$ !"#$Tp zi nkr nin sht?
a. He is 18 years old.b. He speaks Chinese.c. He is Canadian.d.He likes foreign movies.e. His birthday is June 15.f. He has twoyounger brothers.g. He goes to France every year.h. He bought aChinese dictionary.
24.6, 26.4, 26.73 In complete Mandarin sentences, explain whatthe following things are
made of.
Example: ice cream cream !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Brngqiln sh yngnkiyu zu de.
a. books paperb. candy [=tng gud] sugar [=tng]
65
c. steamed buns [/=mntou] flour [/a=minfbn]d. ice cubes [/bhngkui] watere. houses wood [/=mtou]
26.54 You are a weather forecaster. Describe the weather forthese three cities in
complete sentences in Mandarin.
a. New York b. Beijing c. Taipeicold partly cloudy sunnysnowingwindy humid15 F 2 C 30 C
26.85 You are feeling ill and have a doctors appointment.Express the conversation
in Mandarin.
a. Tell the doctor that you are not feeling well, that you havea cough and aheadache and that you also have a runny nose.
b. Have the doctor ask you if you have fever.c. Tell the doctoryou dont have a fever.d. Have the doctor ask if you havediarrhea.e. Tell the doctor that you do.f. Have the doctor ask youif you have a stomachache.g. Tell her that you dont.h. Have thedoctor tell you that you have a cold. She will write you a
prescription, and you should take it every four hours. Youshould sleep alot, and you should drink a lot of water. It would bebest if you did noteat any spicy food [ l de spicy things]. Youwill feel better in a coupleof days.
26.9, 46.1.3
Describing people, places, and things
66
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
27Describing how actionsare performed
1 In complete Mandarin sentences, describe how Tng Milng doeseachof the following actions.
Example: walks slowly !"# !"#Tp znu de hln mn.
a. speaks slowly e. studies too littleb. writes clearly f. runsvery fastc. eats a lot g. cooks welld. drives too fast h. sings alot
27.12 In complete Chinese sentences, describe how Tng Milng doeseach
of the following actions. Be sure to include the object of theverb in each ofyour sentences.
Example: sleeps a lot !"#$ !"#$Tp shu jio shu de hln dus.
a. speaks Japanese slowlyb. writes Chinese characters clearlyc.drinks a lot of tead. drives a car too faste. studies Chinese toolittlef. plays tennis a lot [ / da wangqi play tennis]g. cooksChinese food wellh. sings karaoke a lot [ OK kalf OK karaoke]
27.1.1, 27.1.23 Wng Mng is thinking about asking Gfo Lbi for adate, but he wants
to know a few things about her first. Translate his questionsinto English.
a. !"#$ !"#$
Tf xu de zbnmeyng?
67
b. !"#$% !"#$%
Tf zu ci zu de zbnmeyng?c. !"#$% !"#$%
Tf kfi chg kfi de zbnmeyng?d. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Tf chng ggr chng de zbnme yng?e. !"#$% !"#$%
Tf tio we tio de zbnmeyng?f. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Tf shui Yhngwn shui de zbnmeyng?
27.24 This is what you tell Wng Mng about Gfo Lbi. Expressyour
opinions in Mandarin.
a. She studies well.b. She cooks extremely well.c. She drives (acar) a little slowly.d. She is not bad at singing. (In Chinese: Shesings not bad.)e. She doesnt dance too well. (In Chinese: Shedances not too well.)f. She speaks English particularlyaccurately.
27.15 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, inserting theparenthesized adverbial
modifier in the appropriate position to express the Englishmeaning.
Example: !"#$%( ) !"#$%( )Hizi zi gsngyun lm wn. (gpo gpo xrngxrng de)The children are playing happily in the park. !!"#$%&'(!!"#$%&'(Hizi gpo gpo xrng xrng de zi gsngyun lm wn.Thechildren are playing happily in the park.
a. !"##$% !"##$%
Tng Milng ba mn kfikai le.Tang Meiling opened the door slowly. (mnmfn de)
Describing how actions are performed
68
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
b. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Tng Milng ba fn chhwn le.Tang Meiling finished eating quickly. (kuikufi de)
c. !"#$%&'()*Tng Milng ba tngwj de gufngdi ji zdu le.TangMeiling secretly borrowed her roommates CDs. ( / tiutiur de)
d. !"#$$% !"#$$%
Tng Milng bfngzh le mimei.Tang Meiling willingly helped heryounger sister. ( / zyun de)
e. !"#$% !"#$%
Tng Milng xc le pnzi.Tang Meiling hurriedly washed the dishes. (/ cingmng de)
f. !"#$%Tng Milng jio le pngyou.Tang Meiling greeted her friendsloudly. ( / dshgng de)
g. !"#$% !"#$%
Tng Milng xib le zuwn.Meiling carefully wrote the essay. (yngxhn de)
h. !"#$% !"#$%
Tng Milng thng le bogo.Meiling listened attentively to theannouncement. ( / rnzhgn de)
27.3
69
28Indicating result, conclusion,potential, and extent
1 Insert the right resultative verb ending to complete themeaning ofeach sentence.
a. __________ e. __________ Wd chh __________ le. Wd zhao__________ le.Im full. Ive found it.
b. __________ f. __________ __________
Wd chh __________ le. Wd j __________ le.I ate enough. Ivememorized it.
c. __________ g. __________ Wd chh __________ le. Wd kn__________ le.Ive finished eating. I saw it.
d. __________ h. __________ Wd zhao __________ le. Wd kn__________ le.Ive finished looking. I read it wrong.
28.1.1
2 Translate these sentences into Mandarin, selecting theappropriate form of theparenthesized resultative verb.
a. I learned the lesson. (/ xuhu or / xudehu)b. I cant memorizethese characters. ( / mi jzhu or / jbuzh)
c. I didnt hear the sound. ( / mi thngjian or / thngbujin)
d. I was unable to buy the book. ( / mi maido or / maibdo)
e. I bought the dictionary. ( / maido le or / maidedo)
f. I am able to understand Chinese (by listening). ( / thngddngleor / thngdeddng)
g. I didnt understand (by listening). ( / mi thngddng or /thngbuddng)
70
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
h. I cant finish eating (this food). ( mi chhwn or chhbwn)
28.1.2, 28.1.4, 28.23 Translate these sentences to Mandarinusing the parenthesized verb with the
appropriate resultative ending.
a. I bought the wrong book. (/ mai)b. Can you see the subwaystation? ( dtib zhn) ( kn)c. Have you bought that book? (/ mai)d. Ihave bought it. (/ mai)e. Have you finished reading it? ( kn)f. No.I havent finished reading it. ( kn)g. Do you understand it (byreading it)? ( kn)h. Yes (I understand it by reading it.) ( kn)
28.1.1, 28.1.2
4 These sentences all involve the potential suffix deliko orbuliko.Translate them into English.
a. !"#$% & !"#$% &
Xi xub le, wdmen zdubuliao le.b. !"#$%""& !"#$%""&
Wd de chg hui le, kfibuliao le.c. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(
Zhme dui fn, nc chhdeliao ma?d. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()
Tf shui tf de shdu hbn tng, xibbliao z.e. !"#$%&'$$([ hufflower, / dng to freeze] !"#$%&'$$(
Nc de huf diu dngscle, hubuliao le.f. !"#$% !"#$%
Nc mngtifn lideliao ma?g. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'
Thng wd de, yhdng cubuliao.h. !"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-
Wd jhntifn ydu sh, cfnjifbuliao ncmen de wanhu.
28.4
71
5 Select the correct resultative or potential expression tomatch theEnglish meanings.
a. __________ [ ] __________ [ ]Tf __________ dxu. [kaobliaokaobushng]He cant pass the university entrance exam.
b. __________ [ ] __________ [ ]Wd __________ xhnchg. [maibuliomaibuqc]I cant afford to buy a new car.
c. __________ [ ]Wd __________ nc. [wngbuliao wngbudio]I cannever forget you.
d. __________ ![ ] __________ ![ ]Wdmen __________ kn dinycng.[libuliao libuj]We wont be in time to see the movie.
e. !"# __________ [ ] !"# __________ [ ]Tf ycjing ba zuy__________ le. [zudewn zuwn]He already finished his homework.
f. __________ ![ ] __________ ![ ]Wd __________ n zhdng sh.[zubuliao zubudo]I cant do that kind of work.
g. ! __________ [ ] ! __________ [ ]Peting de rn __________ .[jnbuliao jnbuq]Ordinary people cannot go in.
h. ! __________ !"[ ] ! __________ !"[ ]Nc b yhnggfi __________nc de fme. [dudeqc dubuqc]You must not embarrass (show disrespectfor) your parents.
28.2, 28.4.46 Use a resultative verb to complete each of thefollowing sentences to express
the English meanings.
Example: !() !"!#$% !() !"!#$%Tp zlnme chr (yl) Tp zlnme chr ylchr bbko.No matter how much he eats he cant get full.
Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent
72
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
a. !() !()Wd zbnme chh (yb)No matter how much I eat I cantfinish.
b. !() !()Tf zbnme xu (yb)No matter how much he studies he cantmaster (it).
c. !() !()Wd zbnme kn (yb)No matter how I read (it) I cantunderstand (it).
d. !() !()Tf zbnme zu (yb)No matter how he does (it) he does itwrong.
e. !() !()Wd zbnme zu (yb)No matter how I try to do (it) I cantdo it.
f. !() !()Wd zbnme zhao (yb)No matter how (much) I look I cantfind (it).
28.2.2.17 Complete these sentences in Mandarin to match theEnglish meaning, using
the phrases provided to express the result or extent of thesituation.
Example: He was so tired that he could not pick up his head.[!"#/ !"#=tibuqmtu li] !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Tp li de tibuqmtu lile.
a. He was so happy that he began to sing.[ !"/ !" chng qc ggrli]
b. I was so tired that I slept for two days.[ !/ ! shu le liangtifn]
c. They were so busy that they forgot to eat.[ !"#/ !"# ba chhfn diu wng le]
d. He was so hungry that he ate all of the dumplings.[ !"#$/!"#$ ba jiaozi diu chhwn le.]
e. He sang so much that his throat was sore.[ !" sangzi diu tngle]
73
f. We walked so much that our legs got swollen.[ !/ ! tuc diuzhdng le]
g. I ate so much that I couldnt walk.[ !/ ! zdubudng le]
h. The book was so interesting that I couldnt put it down.[ !"#/!"# wd jianzh fngbuxi]
28.58 Wng Mng is studying hard for college entrance exams. He isexplaining
his progress to his parents. Express this in Mandarin.
a. Ive already finished studying maths.b. I have not finishedstudying chemistry.c. No matter how hard I study, I cannot memorizeall of the chemistry formulas.
[/ jzh memorize; gingsh formula]d. I cant understand the Englishpoems (by reading).e. I have learned (studied and mastered) all ofthe English vocabulary.
[/ chu vocabulary]f. I am so nervous that I cannot sleep and Icannot eat.g. No matter how I try to sleep I cant fall asleep.h. Iam so tired that I cannot study anymore.
28.128.5
Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent
74
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
29Making comparisons
1 Compare Wng Mng and Zhiu L in complete Mandarin sentencesusingbm, mi ynu, or () . . . / gqn (h) . . . yryng asappropriate.
Example: equally hardworking !"#$%&' !"#$%&'Wng Mng gqnzhsul yryngynggsng.
Wng Mng ZhIu La. equally tall (the
same height)b. smarter
[/ cingming]c. not as fastd. more handsome
[/ shui]e. not as hardworking
[ yngging]f. equally interesting
[ ydu ysh]g. lazier
[/ lan]h. not as friendly
[/ hqi]i. thinner
[ shu]j. equally happy
29.1.3, 29.3.1, 29.42 Ask the following yesno questions aboutWng Mng and Zhiu L
in Mandarin.
a. Are Wang Ming and Zhou Li equally smart?b. Is Zhou Li tallerthan Wang Ming?c. Is Wang Ming lazier than Zhou Li?d. Are Wang Mingand Zhou Li equally interesting?e. Is Wang Ming better looking thanZhou Li?
24.1, 29
75
3 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that Wng Mng outperformsZhiu L in each of the following actions. Include the object ofthecomparison in your sentences.
Example: takes tests better !"#$#%&' !"#$#%&'Wng Mng bmZhsu L kko sh kkode hko.
a. sings songs better [ chng ggr]b. writes Chinese betterc.works faster [ zu sh]d. cooks food better [ zu ci]e. speaks Englishbetterf. dances better [ tio we]g. studies moreh. reads booksmorei. sees more moviesj. plays ball better [ da qi]
29.3.54 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that Zhiu L is notas good as
Wng Mng in performing each of the actions listed in (3)above.Include the object of the comparison in your sentences.
Example: taking tests !"#$%$&'( !"#$%$&'(Zhsu L mi ynuWng Mng kko sh kkode hko.
29.4.35 In complete Mandarin sentences, say that Wng Mng andZhiu L
are identical in their performance of the actions listed in (3).Include the objectof the comparison in your sentences. For (5) saythat they study equally well.
Example: taking tests !"#$#%&'() !"#$#%&'()Wng Mng gqnZhsu L kko sh kko deyryng hko.
29.1.66 Put these Mandarin phrases in the correct order to matchthe English
translations.
a. !"#$%&'( !")Zhiu L de xhnshui yh bi dui bc Wng Mng dexhnshui.Zhou Lis salary is twice as much as Wang Mings salary.
b. !"#$%&!"#''(bc Zhiu L de pngyou de Wng Mng de pngyou duidui.Zhou Li has a lot more friends than Wang Ming.
Making comparisons
76
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
c. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Zhiu L gfo yhdian bc Wng Mng.Zhou Li is a little taller thanWang Ming.
d. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Ln Wbixu gng gfo bc Zhiu L.Lin Weixue is even taller than ZhouLi.
e. !" #$%&' !" #$%&'
Wng Mng xib de zu xib Hn z pioliang.Wang Ming writes Chinesecharacters the prettiest (of everyone).
29.3.4.1, 29.3.4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.4.4, 29.5, 29.67 Translatethe following into English.
a. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Zhiu L bc Wng Mng d liang su.b. !"#$ !%&'()* !"#$!%&'()*
Zhiu L de chg bc Wng Mng de chg gu we qifn kui qin.c. !"#$!%&'( !"#$ !%&'(
Zhiu L de chg bc Wng Mng de chg d yhdian.d. !"#$% !"#$%
Ln Wbixu de chg gng d.e. !" #$%& !" #$%&
Zh bbn shj bc n bbn shj gu de dui.f. !"#$#%&%&'!"#$#%&%&'
Zhiu L bc Wng Mng chh fn chh de dui de dui.g. !"!#$%&!"!#$%&
Ln Wbixu chh fn chh de zu dui.h. !" #$%&'()*+, !"#$%&'()*+,
Wng Mng xib Hn z xib de mi ydu Zhiu L nme pioliang.
29.3.4.1, 29.3.4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.4.4, 29.5, 29.6
77
8 Translate these sentences into Mandarin. The Mandarintranslations ofunderlined words are provided in brackets.
a. My younger brother works a lot faster than I. [ zu sh]b. Myyounger brother eats a lot more food than I do.c. My youngerbrother doesnt earn as much money as I do. [/
zhun qin]d. I earn a lot more money than him.e. I am elevenyears older than my younger brother.f. This movie is not asinteresting as that movie. [ ydu ysh]g. I like that movie themost.h. This book is twice as expensive as that book.
6.6.5, 29.3.4.1, 29.3.4.2, 29.3.4.3, 29.3.5, 29.4.1, 29.4.3,29.6
9 Translate these sentences with br, / bmjio, and /xipngdpnginto English.
a. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Zh k de shgngc xifngdfng dui.b. !"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&'()*+
Zhge xuqh wd xuan de k diu bcjio rngy.c. !"# $ !"# $
Xu Rwn br xu Zhingwn.d. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Zh zhdng zdian bcjio nn mai.e. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(
Tf jud suydu de rn diu br tf.f. ! "#$%&'( ! "#$%&'(
Nge xushgng xux de xifngdfng nel.
29.4.2, 29.7
10 You are planning to buy a house in China and are asking aChinese friend foradvice. Express this conversation inMandarin.
a. Ask your friend how much houses sell for in China.b. Yourfriend tells you the following:
(i) Houses outside the city are less expensive than housesinside the city.(ii) Houses outside the city are also a lot biggerthan houses in the city.
(iii) However, living outside the city is not as convenient asliving insidethe city.
Making comparisons
78
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
c. Ask your friend, if you buy a house in the city, what kind ofhouse isthe cheapest.
d. Your friend tells you the following:(i) A house that facessouth is more expensive than a house that
faces north.(ii) A house that faces east is a little cheaperthan a house that
faces west.
29.3, 29.4, 43.3, 50.2
79
30Talking about the present
1 In complete Mandarin sentences describe what Wng Mng is doingateach of the times indicated below. Use the time expressionsprovided in yoursentences. Translate your sentences intoEnglish.
Example: today !"#$% !"#$%mki dsngxi Wng Mng jrntipn mkidsngxi.
Wang Ming is shopping today.
a. this year / xu Zhingwnb. this month fng jic. this week !"# ziYdl l7xngd. now !"/ !" ggn pngyou chh fne. presently xc zao
30.1
2 What are the following people doing now? Describe theiractivities incomplete Mandarin sentences using zi or zhngzi.
Example: Gpo Lli sleeping !"# !"#Gpo Lli zi shu jio.
a. Wng Mng watching televisionb. Zhiu L singingc. / Ln Wbixuplaying balld. Tng Milng writing a letter
30.2
3 Translate the following into English.
a. !D ! !"#$%&
Mn witou zhnzhe yh g rn.
b. !D ! !"#$%&
Zhuizi shng fngzhe hbn dui shj.
80
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
c. !"#D !"#$%
Hizi zi chungshng tangzhe.
d. !D !" !"#$%&'
Yhyun lc dbngzhe hbn dui bngrn.
e. !D !" !"#$%&'
Jiosh lc zuzhe hbn dui xusheng.
30.6
4 Translate the following sentences into Mandarin to describeWng Mngsactivities and to indicate that he intends to continuedoing each one.
a. Wang Ming has already eaten thirty dumplings. [/ jiaozi]b.Wang Ming has already walked five miles.c. Wang Ming has alreadystudied one hundred Chinese characters.d. Wang Ming has alreadysung three songs.e. Wang Ming has already slept for ten hours.
30.7
5 You are a Chinese student writing to a university abroad toapply foradmission to their doctoral program in economics. You havewritten the firstdraft in Chinese. Translate it into English.
a. !"#$%!&' !"#$%!&'
Wd sh dxu s ninj de xusheng.
b. !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012
Wd xinzi zi xib b y lnwn, sh ydugufn xindi Zhinggu jhngjhunjngde.
c. !"#$%&'()%*+,- !"#$%&'()%*+,-
Wd zi shgnqcng d gu xio de jhngjxu x de ynjijshgng.
d. !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0
Wd du jhngj tbi gan xngqu, xhwng nng d bsh xuwi.
e. !"# $%&'()*+, !"# $%&'()*+,
Mqin wd zhngzi wi wd de lnwn zu shchang dioch.
f. !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()
Tngsh wd hi zi zhenbi tuif kaosh. [ tuif the Test of English asaForeign Language]
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g. !"#$%&'()*+#,-. !"#$%&'()*+#,-.
Qtf chngging shgnqcng zhb bin jbi na xig tiojin qcng gozhh.
h. !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012
Lngwi, ydu gufn wigu xusheng de jhngj zhzh dbng shy yqcnggozhh.
9.2, 30
Talking about the present
82
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
31Talking about habitual actions
1 Rewrite the Mandarin sentences, adding the adverb that isprovided inparentheses after each English translation.
Example: !"#$"% !"#$%&$' !"#$"% !"#$%&$'Tp zi nge fnguknTp pngchng zi nge fnguknchr fn. chr fn.She eats at that restaurant(often).
a. !"#Wd zaoshang pao b.I jog in the morning. (often)
b. !"#$ !"#$
Tfmen chh Zhinggu fn.They eat Chinese food. (often)
c. !"#$% !"#$%
Wd qhdian zhing chh wanfn.I eat dinner at 7 p.m. (usually)
d. !"#$% !"#$%
Wdmen q fa*gu l7xng.In the past we used to go to France forvacation. (always)
e. !"#$Wd zaoshang hg kffgi.I drink coffee in the morning.(always)
f. !"#$%&' !"#$%&'
Wdmen xi bfn ychu da wangqi.We play tennis after work.(often)
g. !"#$"%& !"#$"%&
Nc zi nge fnguan chh fn ma?Do you eat at that restaurant?(frequently)
83
h. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Wd kn nge dinsh jim.I watch that television program.(regularly)
i. !"#Wd wanshang li gdu.I walk my dog at night. (always)
j. !" !"
Wd kn dinycng.I see a movie. (every week).
31.32 You are writing to your Chinese pen pal in Mandarin,telling her about your
typical activities.
a. Say that except for the weekends, you go to class everyday.b. Tell her that you begin class at 8:30 a.m. every day.c. Saythat you usually get out of class at 4, but on Fridays you get outof
class at 1.d. Say that you work in a hospital every Fridayafternoon.e. Tell her that when the weather is nice, you usuallytake a walk in the park
on Saturday afternoon.f. Say that you always go to see a moviewith your friends on Saturday night.g. Say that you used to alwayseat at a restaurant on Sunday with your family.h. Tell her that youoften stay in the dormitory on Sunday and do homework.
31.1, 33.3
Talking about habitual actions
84
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
32Talking about the future
1 Rewrite these sentences, putting the Mandarin time words inthe appropriatelocation in the sentence. Translate your completedsentences into English.
Example: !"() !"#$ !"() !"#$Wnmen dk qi. (mngtipn) Wnmen mngtipndk qi.
We are playing ball tomorrow.
a. !"#$%() !"#$%()Nc yo q nar tio we? (jhntifn)
b. !"#$%&() !"#$%&()Tf yhdng hu ydu hbn dui qin.(jifngli)
c. !"#$%( !) !"#$%( !)Wd qcng nc q kn dinycng. (mngtifnwanshang)
d. !"#$() !"#$()Shi q Zhinggu xux? (mngnin)
e. !"( !) !"( !)Wdmen fng ji. (xi g xhngqh)
f. !"#$%&'(( ) !"#$%&'(( )Wdmen dasuan q Ydl l7xng. (xig yu)
g. !"#$%&() !"#$%&()Tifnq ybo shui hu xi xub.(hutifn)
h. !!"#$%( !) !!"#$%( !)Wd xiang gbi nainai da dinhu. (mngtifnzaoshang)
32.1
85
2 Complete these sentences with the Mandarin words or phrasesthat bestexpress the English translations.
a. __________ ! __________ !Wd __________ jihjn le.I will getmarried soon.
b. ! __________ ! __________ Qcng nc mngtifn li.Please comeagain tomorrow.
c. __________ __________ Mngtifn __________ xi ye.It may raintomorrow.
d. __________ !"# __________ !"#Tf jhntifn __________ b li shngkle.He probably wont come to class today.
e. __________ !"# __________ !"#Nc __________ ggn tf jihjnma?Are you willing to marry him?
f. __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$Nc __________ jifngli zh zinar?Where do you plan to live in the future?
g. __________ !"# __________ !"#Wd __________ zao yh dian xi k.Iam thinking about leaving class a little early.
h. __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$Wd b yo __________ kn ngedinycng le.I dont want to see that movie again.
32.2, 32.3, 32.4
3 Wng Mng has made a list of things that he has to do. Rewritethe listin complete Mandarin sentences.
Example: this morning: !"#$%&'()*+,call girlfriend!"#$%&'()*+,
Wn jrntipn zkoshang yo gli wn de nupngyou dk dinhu.
Talking about the future
86
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
a. this afternoon: borrow money from roommateb. tomorrowmorning: buy girlfriend a birthday presentc. the day aftertomorrow: make reservation at restaurantd. next week: return moneyto roommatee. next Tuesday: borrow money from roommate againf. nextmonth: definitely look for a job
32.1, 32.2
87
33Indicating completion andtalking about the past
1 Describe my older brothers dinner party in complete sentencesin Mandarin.Pay attention to the position of time and locationphrases in your sentences.
a. My older brother bought a house last month.b. Last week heinvited some friends to his house to eat dinner.c. He cooked fivedishes.d. He also made a soup.e. His friends gave him a bottle ofwine. [ . . . sng . . . yhpng jie]f. They ate the food and drankthe wine.
33.12 Describe the sequence of events at the dinner party incomplete Mandarin
sentences using le, / ymhu, and ji.
Example: After my brother !"#$%&'!(got out of work,!"#$%&'!(he went home. Wn gqge xi le bpn ymhu ji hu jip le.
a. After the guests arrived, my older brother invited them todrink tea.b. After they drank tea, my older brother invited them toeat dinner.c. After they ate, they all sang some songs.d. Afterthey sang, they went home.e. After they left, my older brotherbegan to wash the dishes.
[ xc wash, /=pn zi dishes]f. After he washed the dishes he wentto sleep.
33.2, 38.23 Wng Mng is getting ready for the new semester. Hereis a list of things
he has done and things that he has not yet done. Translate thelist intoMandarin in complete sentences.
Example: Done !"#$%&bought a computer !"#$%&
Wng Mng ymjing mki dinnko le.Not yet done !"#$%&'see hisfriends !"#$%&'
Wng Mng hi mi kn tp de pngyou.
88
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Done Not yet done
a. select classes [/ xuan k] d. buy textbooksb. buy notebooks e.review Chinese characters
[ !/ ! fx Hn z]c. pay tuition [ / f. find classrooms [
f xufi] zhao jiosh]
33.1, 33.34 Wng Mngs mother asks him whether he has done thefollowing.
Translate her questions into Chinese.
a. Have you cleaned your room? [ !=shiush wjzi]b. Have you doneyour homework? [ / zu zuy]c. Have you finished your essay? [ / xibzuwn]d. Have you looked for a job? [ zhao gingzu]e. Have youselected your classes?f. Have you bought your textbooks?
33.45 Rewrite these sentences in Mandarin, adding yu to indicatethat the action
happened again in the past. Translate your sentences intoEnglish.
Example: !"#$% !"#$%& !"#$% !"#$%&Wnmen zutipn kko shle. Wnmen zutipn yu kko
sh le.We took a test yesterday. We took a test againyesterday.
a. !"#$%Wd fme q le Rbbn.My parents went to Japan.
b. !"# !"#
Nc chj le cuw.You made a mistake.
c. !"#$%& !"#$%&
Wd gbi le tf rsh kui qin.I gave him $20.
d. !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'(
Wd ggn pngyou kn le nge dinycng.I saw a movie with friends.
e. !"# !"#
Wd da lnqi le.I played basketball.
89
f. !"#$% !"#$%
Wd gbi tf da dinhu le.I gave her a phonecall. (I called her onthe phone.)
33.56 Using the cues in parentheses, answer the followingquestions in complete
Mandarin sentences.
Example: !"#$%&(no) !"#$% !"#$%& !"#$%Nm chrgu ZhsngguWn mi chrgu Zhsnggu fn.fn mi ynu?
a. !"#$%&'(yes) !"#$%&'Nc ydu mi ydu knguo Zhinggudinycng?
b. !"#$%&'(no) !"#$%&'Nc jhnnin jianchguo shgntc ma? [!/ ! jianchshgntc have a physical exam]
c. !"#$%(two years) !"#$%Nc Yhngwn xuguo dui jie?
d. ! !"#$(never) !"#$%&'(Wd mi chhguo zhge ci. Nc ne?
e. !"#$%(no) !"#$%Nc kngu zh bbn shj ma?
f. !"#$[ / jhngj xu economics] (yes) !"#$Nc xugu jhngjxu ma?
g. !"OK[=OK kalf OK karaoke] (not yet) !"OKNc chngguo kalf OKma?
h. !"#$%(yes) !"#$%
Nc chhgu Rbbn fn ma?
33.67 Fill in the blanks, using either /=guo, le, or / guo le asappropriate.
a. !"#$ __________ !"#$ __________ Wd mimei ggn tf pngyou q__________ Zhinggu.My younger sister and her friend went toChina.
Indicating completion and talking about the past
90
SITUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
b. !" __________ !"#$$%&'( __________ !" __________!"#$$%&'( __________ Wd cngli mi q __________ Rbbn, kbsh wdggge zi nr zh __________ liang nin.I have never been to Japan, butmy older brother lived there for two years.
c. ! __________ ! ! __________ !Nc ydu mi ydu chh __________Tigu fn?Have you eaten Thai food before?
d. !"#$ __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$ __________ !"#$__________ Wdmen laoshh gbi wdmen jisho __________

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: Workbook - [PDF Document] (2024)